Originally published in 1945, this book presents a discussion of medieval literature, focusing to a large extent on French literature. The text emphasises the fundamental differences between the medieval period and modern times, most notably the changes engendered by the invention of print. As noted in the introduction, 'if a fair judgment is to be passed upon literary works belonging to the centuries before printing was invented, some effort must be made to realise the extent of the prejudices under which we have grown up, and to resist the involuntary demand that medieval literature must conform to our standards of taste or be regarded as of interest purely antiquarian'. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in medieval literature and literary theory.
From the fourteenth to the seventeenth century, humanism played a key role in European culture. Beginning as a movement based on the recovery, interpretation and imitation of ancient Greek and Roman texts and the archaeological study of the physical remains of antiquity, humanism turned into a dynamic cultural programme, influencing almost every facet of Renaissance intellectual life. The fourteen essays in this 1996 volume deal with all aspects of the movement, from language learning to the development of science, from the effect of humanism on biblical study to its influence on art, from its Italian origins to its manifestations in the literature of More, Sidney and Shakespeare. A detailed biographical index, and a guide to further reading, are provided. Overall, The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism provides a comprehensive introduction to a major movement in the culture of early modern Europe.
A commercial company established in 1600 to monopolize trade between England and the Far East, the East India Company grew to govern an Indian empire. Exploring the relationship between power and knowledge in European engagement with Asia, Indian Ink examines the Company at work and reveals how writing and print shaped authority on a global scale in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Tracing the history of the Company from its first tentative trading voyages in the early seventeenth century to the foundation of an empire in Bengal in the late eighteenth century, Miles Ogborn takes readers into the scriptoria, ships, offices, print shops, coffeehouses, and palaces to investigate the forms of writing needed to exert power and extract profit in the mercantile and imperial worlds. Interpreting the making and use of a variety of forms of writing in script and print, Ogborn argues that material and political circumstances always undermined attempts at domination through the power of the written word. Navigating the juncture of imperial history and the history of the book, Indian Ink uncovers the intellectual and political legacies of early modern trade and empire and charts a new understanding of the geography of print culture.
Master the complexities of Bash shell scripting and unlock the power of shell for your enterprise Key Features Identify high-level steps such as verifying user input Using the command line and conditional statements in creating/executing simple shell scripts Create and edit dynamic shell scripts to manage complex and repetitive tasks Leverage the command-line to bypass GUI and automate common tasks Book Description In this book, you’ll discover everything you need to know to master shell scripting and make informed choices about the elements you employ. Grab your favorite editor and start writing your best Bash scripts step by step. Get to grips with the fundamentals of creating and running a script in normal mode, and in debug mode. Learn about various conditional statements' code snippets, and realize the power of repetition and loops in your shell script. You will also learn to write complex shell scripts. This book will also deep dive into file system administration, directories, and system administration like networking, process management, user authentications, and package installation and regular expressions. Towards the end of the book, you will learn how to use Python as a BASH Scripting alternative. By the end of this book, you will know shell scripts at the snap of your fingers and will be able to automate and communicate with your system with keyboard expressions. What you will learn Make, execute, and debug your first Bash script Create interactive scripts that prompt for user input Foster menu structures for operators with little command-line experience Develop scripts that dynamically edit web configuration files to produce a new virtual host Write scripts that use AWK to search and reports on log files Draft effective scripts using functions as building blocks, reducing maintenance and build time Make informed choices by comparing different script languages such as Python with BASH Who this book is for If you are a Linux administrator or a system administrator and are interested in automating tasks in your daily lives, saving time and effort, this book is for you. Basic shell scripting and command-line experience will be required. Familiarity with the tasks you need to automate will be helpful.
This beautifully illustrated book provides an accessible introduction to the medieval manuscript and explores how its materiality can act as a vibrant and versatile tool to understand the deep historical roots of human interaction with written information.
The first Classical text was printed at Mainz in 1465. By the end of 1500 more than 350 printers in over 70 locations had contributed to the printing of more than 1500 separate editions. Almost every Classical Latin author had been printed, many in multiple editions, and the printing of Greek authors was well under way. Printing the Classical Text presents a comprehensive survey of this momentous period in the evolution of the Classical text. Since the course of Classical printing cannot be viewed separately from the course of printing generally, the opening chapter of the book locates Classical printing within the wider context by reviewing some of the cultural, intellectual, and commercial factors which affected the printing industry as a whole during the first fifty years of its development. The two central chapters are devoted respectively to the Latin and Greek editions themselves. With respect to Latin editions, which represent more than ninety percent of the whole, comprehensive chronological listings provide details of the printing history of each of the more than seventy authors represented. These are supplemented by a synoptic chart and by a running commentary in which the author identifies observable patterns and highlights the most distinctive features. The relatively small number of editions of Greek authors allows the author to accord them individual treatment in which each is examined in the context of its printer's instinctive publishing programme. This analysis is preceded by an account of the introduction of Greek studies into Italy, where all fifteenth-century editions of Greek authors were printed, and by a review of the typographical challenges which faced the earliest printers of Greek texts.The concluding chapter of the book takes up the controversial question of editorial quality. The author examines what the process of editing involved and attempts to assign to the earliest printed Classical editions their appropriate place in the evolution of the authoritative text in light of both the claims which the earliest editors themselves made and the less enthusiastic judgement rendered by modern critics.
In this detailed overview of the history of the handmade book, Avrin looks at the development of scripts and styles of illumination, the making of manuscripts, and the technological processes involved in paper-making and book-binding. Readers will have a greater understanding of ancient books and texts with More than 300 plates and illustrations Examples of the different forms of writing from ancient times to the printing press Coverage of cultural and religious books Full bibliography Reference librarians and educators will find this resource indispensable.
