In the book "From Ancient Mataram to Pajang: The Journey of Kingdoms in Central Java," readers will be taken on a journey through time, spanning from the era of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom to the Pajang Kingdom. This book comprehensively explores the history and development of each kingdom that has existed in the Central Java region. Additionally, the book delves into the history and progression of each kingdom, from its inception to its fall. The discussion covers essential aspects of each kingdom, such as politics, religion, economy, and culture.
The growing interest in the history of Indonesia has made it desirable to have an English summary of the principal works of the Dutch historian Dr H. J. de Graaf, who in several books and articles published between 1935 and 1973 has given a description of the development of the Javanese kingdom of Mataram, based both on European and in digenous material. His works form a substantial contribution to the study of the national history of Indonesia. The Summary contains references to the paragraphs of the Dutch books and articles. This makes it easy for those readers who have a know ledge of Dutch to consult the original texts. The List of Sources for the study of Javanese history from 1500 to 1700 is composed of the lists in the summarized books and articles, and the Index of Names refers not only to the present Summary but also to the eight original texts. Many names of persons and localities in the Index have been provided with short explanatory notes and references to other lemmata as a quick way to give some provisional information on Javanese history.
WE ARE ARYĀ Who did you mean by ARYĀ ....? Arya has become associated with "Race Hierarchy" which considers whites, blondes, blue eyes more superior to other skin nations and It serves as a "Powerful" propaganda tool in the historical reality that has taken place, however ... it is not factual To this day ... the word Aryā is loaded with all kinds of connotations "Negative" and is largely due to the Nazi "ideology" which claims to be the Arya ... Nazi misguided and propaganda, has damaged the image of Aryān ... eliminating thousands of humans with just one word "racism" ... We have entered and fallen into the abyss of destruction due to the political policies of a nation ... to the point that the "assumption" of white supremacy is the "Superior Nation" Then wildly make the attitude of "contagious" other nations to "Label" the human hierarchy based on the color of the skin "White" or "Black" ... this results in dividing the human race Then who is that Aryan ...? The initial assumption of the published "Aryans" today were those who lived in Iran & Iraq in the prehistoric era, these people migrated to northern India around 1,500 BC, Indian "Dravidian" natives call these newcomers "ārya" At the end of the early 19th century the early 20th "Aryans" was equated with people German or Nordic and before the assumption "Aryan" refers to an ancient language whose speakers are thought to have spread and influenced language throughout the Indian subcontinent Also published the Sumerian civilization flourished in the Persian Gulf, around 4 - 3,000 BC and the civilization on the 'Plain of Shinar Land' was a territory that only existed after 2,000 BC which is now called "Babylon" Other sources also spread that, according to the "Volkisch" (people) belief, Aryans had created a high civilization that existed thousands of years ago were destroyed by natural disasters of melting ice at the end of the last ice age or the beginning of the ice age, 12,000 years ago and the basis of this "Mythology" is not strong enough Another assumption is that the original Aryan land was "Thule" at the warm north end of the earth, they lived in caves, this branch of the 'Ras Aryan' descendant was proto-Indo-European, published were 'Iranians' who spread, colonized various regions of the north of the earth after the Flood, spread agricultural civilization and was universally recognized by the symbol "Swastika" (卐) This symbol is what Nazi ideology used to claim itself as an Aryan nation ... This Nazi misguided and propaganda that has damaged the image of Aryan ... eliminates humans only on the basis of "Racism" ... identified by using the symbol "Swastika" ( 卐) in the "Hitler" period Fundamental questions that must be answered: ● What nation in the world can explain the clear and detailed meaning of the philosophy of the "Swastika" symbol ...? ● What nation in the world to this day in its everyday culture uses the symbol "Swastika" ...? Nation ... which to this day with its "Swastika" philosophy lives peacefully and reconciles the world, because here is stored perfectly the basic teachings of the original "Dharmic" .... which underlies the growth of the 3 great religions of India Ńâmô āryātārā ..... We Are Aryā ... INDONËSIARYĀ By: Santosabapiliang (Datuok Panglimo Soko) Book Info: WA +62813 2132 9787
Musicologist Judith Becker contends that sociopolitical changes in Javanese society since the 1940s are reflected in changes in the structure of gamelan music, which is one of the traditional musics of Java. She sees gamelan music as a musical system in a state of crisis, unsure of its proper function and direction. While traditional gamelan musical structures supported old Hindu-Javanese concepts of cosmology and kingship, modern innovations reflect Indonesian nationalism and a desire to become a "twentieth century nation." In particular, the introduction of Western musical notation, which Becker describes as "the most pervasive, penetrating, and ultimately the most insidious type of Western influence," is changing gamelan from an aural to a written tradition. Becker examines the works of contemporary composers Ki Wasitodipuro and Ki Nartosabdho to illustrate modern innovations in gamelan compositions and the attitudes of composers to their music, as they attempt to compromise between the ethos and structure of traditional gamelan music and the changing tastes and attitudes of the modern Indonesian nation. In addition to her interpretation of the political influence on gamelan music, Becker includes four appendices that ethnomusicologists will find valuable. Appendix I articulates her theory of the derivation of central Javanese gamelan gongan, the basic temporal/melodic repeated unit of gamelan music. Appendix II gives biographical sketches of Ki Wasitodipuro and Ki Nartosabdho and lists their compositions referred to in the text. Appendices II and IV deal with various aspects of pathet, a Javanese system of classifying gamelan pieces. A fifth appendix, by Alan R. Templeton, gives an informational analysis of pathet.
