Free Radicals in Biology V5
Free Radicals in Biology V5

Author: William Pryor

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0323156835

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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume V covers the mechanisms for the generation of free radicals. This volume contains eight chapters that discuss the biology and chemistry of oxy-radicals in mitochondria and the radical-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics. The opening chapter describes the mechanisms of free radical production in enzymatically promoted lipid peroxidation, generally in microsomes or microsomal lipids. The subsequent chapters explore the biochemistry and biology of plant and animal lipoxygenases; the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria; and the biological role of these species in mitochondria and related systems. The discussions then shift to the effects of superoxide production in white blood cells, with an emphasis on an evaluation of the oxygen-dependent reactions of the important phagocytic cells, the monocytes, and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This volume further covers the formation and the role of oxy-radicals in the red blood cell, which is a very useful system for studying the protection of biological tissue against radical-mediated damage. A chapter presents a comprehensive review of the production of free radicals during the metabolism of xenobiotics. The last chapters provide an overview of the enzymology, biological functions, and free radical chemistry of glutathione peroxidase. These chapters also examine a number of gerontological principles and the effect of antioxidants in aging. Chemists, biologists, and physicists will find this book of great value.

Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine

Author: Barry Halliwell

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2015-08-21

Total Pages: 961

ISBN-13: 0191026980

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Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine has become a classic text in the field of free radical and antioxidant research. Now in its fifth edition, the book has been comprehensively rewritten and updated whilst maintaining the clarity of its predecessors. Two new chapters discuss 'in vivo' and 'dietary' antioxidants, the first emphasising the role of peroxiredoxins and integrated defence mechanisms which allow useful roles for ROS, and the second containing new information on the role of fruits, vegetables, and vitamins in health and disease. This new edition also contains expanded coverage of the mechanisms of oxidative damage to lipids, DNA, and proteins (and the repair of such damage), and the roles played by reactive species in signal transduction, cell survival, death, human reproduction, defence mechanisms of animals and plants against pathogens, and other important biological events. The methodologies available to measure reactive species and oxidative damage (and their potential pitfalls) have been fully updated, as have the topics of phagocyte ROS production, NADPH oxidase enzymes, and toxicology. There is a detailed and critical evaluation of the role of free radicals and other reactive species in human diseases, especially cancer, cardiovascular, chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. New aspects of ageing are discussed in the context of the free radical theory of ageing. This book is recommended as a comprehensive introduction to the field for students, educators, clinicians, and researchers. It will also be an invaluable companion to all those interested in the role of free radicals in the life and biomedical sciences.

Free Radicals in Biology and Environment
Free Radicals in Biology and Environment

Author: F. Minisci

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 9401716072

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Our understanding of the quantitative aspects of free radical chemistry and the involvement of radicals in such areas as biology, medicine, the environment, etc., has developed spectacularly over recent years, yet the various topics are commonly discussed separately, in specific meetings and specialised publications. Free Radicals in Biology and Environment draws together two important areas of free radical chemistry, using as a bridge the fundamental physical chemistry of free radicals (spectroscopic detection of free radicals, evaluation of absolute rate constants, elucidation of mechanisms of free radical reactions and catalysis, photochemical and radiation processes, etc.). The most relevant topics covered are the EPR detection of radicals in biochemical systems and in pollutant formation and degradation, oxidation processes in biology and in the troposphere, radiation and induced damage, and atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion. Also covered are the chemistry and biochemistry of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the chemistry and biochemistry of DNA radicals, the role of radicals in myeloperoxidase, lignineperoxidase, radicals and cardiovascular injury, radiation and the fragmentation of cells and tissues.

Free Radicals in Biology V1
Free Radicals in Biology V1

Author: William Pryor

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0323156827

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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume 1, provides an introduction to some of the basic concepts of free radical biology. The book emerged from the President's Symposium of the American Society for Experimental Pathology held in Atlantic City in April 1970. The book's opening chapter introduces a mechanistic view of free radical reactions using examples from biological systems. This is followed by a discussion of autoxidative damage to lipids in membranes. Some of the special chemistry of lipid oxidation are presented, and a number of novel ideas are suggested. The third chapter deals with the uses of electron-spin resonance in biology. Spin labeling is also discussed, which is one of the most useful methods of probing the chemical and physical environment of molecules in cells. The remaining chapters cover free radicals which occur in photosynthesis and the importance of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase. The study of the occurrence and reactions of this enzyme provides an important and extensive body of data clearly pointing to the significance of free radicals in cellular chemistry.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection

Author: Donald Armstrong

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-04-11

Total Pages: 610

ISBN-13: 1118832485

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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection: The Science of Free Radical Biology and Disease Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection begins with a historical perspective of pioneers in oxidative stress with an introductory section that explains the basic principles related to oxidative stress in biochemistry and molecular biology, demonstrating both pathways and biomarkers. This section also covers diagnostic imaging and differential diagnostics. The following section covers psychological, physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic correlates. This section addresses inheritance, gender, nutrition, obesity, family history, behavior modification, natural herbal-botanical products, and supplementation in the treatment of disease. Clinical trials are also summarized for major medical disorders and efficacy of treatment, with particular focus on inflammation, immune response, recycling, disease progression, outcomes and interventions. Each of the chapters describes what biomarker(s) and physiological functions may be relevant to a concept of specific disease and potential alternative therapy. The chapters cover medical terminology, developmental change, effects of aging, senescence, lifespan, and wound healing, and also illustrates cross-over exposure to other fields. The final chapter covers how and when to interpret appropriate data used in entry level biostatistics and epidemiology. Authored and edited by leaders in the field, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers studying cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry, as well professionals in various health science fields.

Free Radicals in Biology V4
Free Radicals in Biology V4

Author: William Pryor

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 0323153720

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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume IV reviews diverse topics in free radical biology and covers topics ranging from radiation biology to lipid peroxidation, radical-mediated liver pathology, and chemical carcinogenesis. Radical mechanisms in prostaglandin biochemistry are also discussed, along with the use of electron spin resonance and spin trap methods to probe mechanisms of radical reactions in biological systems. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation, focusing on the chemistry of fluorescent products from in vivo lipid peroxidation; the production of pentane in the expired breath of animals exposed to oxidative threats; and the chemistry of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. The next chapter is devoted to the kinetic aspects of lipid peroxidation and the multiple ways in which autoxidants can react. The reader is then introduced to the mechanisms of hepatoxicity by synthetic chemicals present in the environment, together with direct mechanisms of radiation damage to nucleic acids. Subsequent chapters deal with spin trapping in biological systems; the role of free radicals in arylamine carcinogenesis and their influence on the structure and reactivity of melanins; and the involvement of vitamin ? and lipid antioxidants in free-radical-initiated reactions. This book will be of value to chemists, biologists, and physicians.

Free Radicals in Biology V6
Free Radicals in Biology V6

Author: William Pryor

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 468

ISBN-13: 0323149316

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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume VI covers the significant biological implications of arachidonic acid chemistry in free radical biology. This 11-chapter volume explores the biochemistry of the prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other products from arachidonic acid. The introductory chapters describe the chemistry of the eicosanoids; the structures of prostaglandin and leukotriene compounds; the role of lipid hydroperoxides in controlling prostaglandin biosynthesis; and the oxidation of xenobiotics during prostaglandin H biosynthesis. The discussion then shifts to the effects of the so-called fatty acid paradoxes on cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, followed by chapters on arachidonic acid cascade process; the causes of lung injury conditions, such as hyperoxia; and the origin of low-level chemiluminescence in cells. This volume further deals with the oxy-radical involvement in parasitic diseases and the mechanisms for activation of aromatic amine carcinogens. The concluding chapters examine the controversial one- and two-electron mechanisms for activation of polynuclear hydrocarbon carcinogens and a hypothesis to rationalize the effects of radicals on the life span of mammals. These chapters propose that aging results from toxic by-products of metabolism, and longevity is determined by the ability of an organism to deal with these products. This book will be of great benefit to biochemists, biologists, and physicists.

Free Radicals in Biology V3
Free Radicals in Biology V3

Author: William Pryor

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 0323155677

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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume III reviews diverse topics in free radical biology and relates the results of chemical and biochemical investigations to clinical situations. It attempts to bridge the gap between chemical investigations and the medical applications and implications of free radical reactions. Topics covered range from radiation chemistry to biochemistry, biology, and medicine. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with a general introduction to the technique of radiation chemistry; the thermodynamics and kinetic factors that need be considered; the use of pulse radiolysis and flow techniques; and the application of these methods to free radicals of biological interest. The reader is then introduced to the pulse radiolysis method and the mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Subsequent chapters discuss the morphological, histochemical, biochemical, and chemical nature of lipofuscin pigments; production of free radicals from the reactions of selected enzymes with their substrates; and the damage caused to skin by sunlight. The final chapter deals with the involvement of free radicals in chemical carcinogenesis. This monograph will be of value to chemists, biologists, and physicians.

Techniques in Free Radical Research
Techniques in Free Radical Research

Author: A.T. Diplock

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1991-12-11

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 0080858910

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Free radical species are generally short-lived due to their high reactivity and thus direct measurement and identification are often impossible. ESR is the only technique which has the potential for direct detection of radicals but in biological systems even these must be trapped by a spin-trapping agent. Thus most investigations involve recognition of indicators of the presence of radicals in vivo or "FOOTPRINTS" of radical-mediated damage. Techniques in Free Radical Research assembles and critically assesses the most relevant and reliable experimental approaches used towards the measurement of radicals and radical-mediated damage in chemical systems, in cells and in tissues under the following six headings: a) Footprints of DNA damage, b) Footprints of protein damage, c) Footprints of lipid peroxidation, d) Footprints of antioxidant consumption, e) Footprints via indirect radical assays, and f) Footprints via the availability of transition metal complexes.