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Willa Cather's Transforming Vision: New France and the American Northeast explores Cather's search for meaning and a domestic center, in particular as her search was influenced by her feelings for New France and the American Northeast. Including biography, critical overview, and primary research into both Cather's writing and some of her most unusual historical sources, this study focuses on Shadows on the Rock, while incorporating this pivotal novel into the larger pattern of Cather's growing need for belonging and order. Shadows on the Rock, set in the city of Quebec ("Kebec") at the end of the seventeenth century, is Cather's fullest expression of love for French culture and its adaptation to New World soil. But more than a mere extolling of what Mme. Auclair in Shadows proudly calls "our way" - a skill with all things domestic that, she boasts, renders the French "the most civilized people in Europe" - this novel is a statement of faith in the ability of both individuals and larger societal orders to work together for the creation of an all-encompassing whole. Writing at mid-life, after the recent illnesses and deaths of her parents, Cather could posit in her story of New France a familial order much larger than the domestic heart of her earlier masterpiece, My Antonia. In all of Quebec, as in the incomplete but fruitful home of the widowed apothecary Euclide Auclair and his daughter Cecile, life is sustained by a merging of gender and social roles, as a bishop can become the symbolic head of an entire church as well as of a troubled family, and a bellicose count can play as warm and nurturing a role as the gentlest of parents.
Seventeenth-century North America was truly a new world for both the European and indigenous First Nations native cultures that interfaced upon that spectacular wilderness theater. For both the native people and the European, this stage forged new understandings from all things thought familiar to previous generations. Throughout this historical period were episodes that defined the era, episodes that captured the essence of the human spirit, and episodes that abase a work of fiction. One such episode that proved an epoch of the era was the 1656 French Jesuit mission embassy among the Haudenosaunee-Iroquois. This was the mission Ste. Marie established in the heart of Iroquoia, at a place known and revered by the Iroquois for its spiritual and political significance--Gannentaha. The Ste. Marie mission proved as a captivating geopolitical choke point of its era. Its story remains an intriguing historical human drama, a hallmark cultural interface event, an inspirational faith journey story, and an audacious act of perseverance and courage within a larger historical saga. The Ste. Marie de Gannentaha episode is an enduring story to be told and remembered beyond the generation of those who lived it.