Fourth Census of the United States of America, 1820
Fourth Census of the United States of America, 1820

Author: Donald E. Watts

Publisher: Donald E. Watts

Published: 2013-02-28

Total Pages: 153

ISBN-13:

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INTRODUCTION In August 1820 Robert Avis, Jr., an assistant to Marshal John Pegram of the Eastern District of Virginia, was responsible for taking the Fourth United States Census, 1820, for Jefferson County, the county in which he resided. From the enumeration record that Avis left of Jefferson County, Virginia, he completed the requirements of his job: took the enumeration of the population and its different classes; listed, according to “head’s of families” declarations, whether each was involved in agriculture, commercial or manufactures; and noted how many in the household were “foreigners not naturalized.” However, Avis did more than was required of him: he asked each head of household her or his occupation and included their answers in his enumeration, and in tabular form, took inventories of (1) the predominant manufactures in the county, their quantity and value and (2) the flour mills in the county, their location and the quantity of flour ground. Because of Avis’ foresight, the researcher will learn the occupations of heads of families in county districts, leading to knowledge of industries intertwined.

The Source
The Source

Author: Loretto Dennis Szucs

Publisher: Ancestry Publishing

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 1000

ISBN-13: 9781593312770

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Genealogists and other historical researchers have valued the first two editions of this work, often referred to as the genealogist's bible."" The new edition continues that tradition. Intended as a handbook and a guide to selecting, locating, and using appropriate primary and secondary resources, The Source also functions as an instructional tool for novice genealogists and a refresher course for experienced researchers. More than 30 experts in this field--genealogists, historians, librarians, and archivists--prepared the 20 signed chapters, which are well written, easy to read, and include many helpful hints for getting the most out of whatever information is acquired. Each chapter ends with an extensive bibliography and is further enriched by tables, black-and-white illustrations, and examples of documents. Eight appendixes include the expected contact information for groups and institutions that persons studying genealogy and history need to find. ""

The Price of Freedom
The Price of Freedom

Author: T. Stephen Whitman

Publisher: University Press of Kentucky

Published: 2021-05-11

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 0813183588

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A stereotypical image of manumission is that of a benign plantation owner freeing his slaves on his deathbed. But as Stephen Whitman demonstrates, the truth was far more complex, especially in border states where manumission was much more common. Whitman analyzes the economic and social history of Baltimore to show how the vigorous growth of the city required the exploitation of rural slaves. To prevent them from escaping and to spur higher production, owners entered into arrangements with their slaves, promising eventual freedom in return for many years' hard work. The Price of Freedom reveals how blacks played a critical role in freeing themselves from slavery. Yet it was an imperfect victory. Once Baltimore's economic growth began to slow, freed blacks were virtually excluded from craft apprenticeships, and European immigrants supplanted them as a trained labor force.