Foundations of Infinitesimal Calculus
Author: H. Jerome Keisler
Publisher: Prindle Weber & Schmidt
Published: 1976-01-01
Total Pages: 214
ISBN-13: 9780871502155
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Elementary Calculus
Author: H. Jerome Keisler
Publisher: Orange Groove Books
Published: 2009-09-01
Total Pages: 992
ISBN-13: 9781616100315
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDe Motu and the Analyst
Author: G. Berkeley
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 235
ISBN-13: 9401125929
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBerkeley's philosophy has been much studied and discussed over the years, and a growing number of scholars have come to the realization that scientific and mathematical writings are an essential part of his philosophical enterprise. The aim of this volume is to present Berkeley's two most important scientific texts in a form which meets contemporary standards of scholarship while rendering them accessible to the modern reader. Although editions of both are contained in the fourth volume of the Works, these lack adequate introductions and do not provide com plete and corrected texts. The present edition contains a complete and critically established text of both De Motu and The Analyst, in addi tion to a new translation of De Motu. The introductions and notes are designed to provide the background necessary for a full understanding of Berkeley's account of science and mathematics. Although these two texts are very different, they are united by a shared a concern with the work of Newton and Leibniz. Berkeley's De Motu deals extensively with Newton's Principia and Leibniz's Specimen Dynamicum, while The Analyst critiques both Leibnizian and Newto nian mathematics. Berkeley is commonly thought of as a successor to Locke or Malebranche, but as these works show he is also a successor to Newton and Leibniz.
Infinitesimal Differences
Author: Ursula Goldenbaum
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2008-11-03
Total Pages: 337
ISBN-13: 3110211866
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe essays offer a unified and comprehensive view of 17th century mathematical and metaphysical disputes over status of infinitesimals, particularly the question whether they were real or mere fictions. Leibniz's development of the calculus and his understanding of its metaphysical foundation are taken as both a point of departure and a frame of reference for the 17th century discussions of infinitesimals, that involved Hobbes, Wallis, Newton, Bernoulli, Hermann, and Nieuwentijt. Although the calculus was undoubtedly successful in mathematical practice, it remained controversial because its procedures seemed to lack an adequate metaphysical or methodological justification. The topic is also of philosophical interest, because Leibniz freely employed the language of infinitesimal quantities in the foundations of his dynamics and theory of forces. Thus, philosophical disputes over the Leibnizian science of bodies naturally involve questions about the nature of infinitesimals. The volume also includes newly discovered Leibnizian marginalia in the mathematical writings of Hobbes.
The Continuous, the Discrete and the Infinitesimal in Philosophy and Mathematics
Author: John L. Bell
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2019-09-09
Total Pages: 320
ISBN-13: 3030187071
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explores and articulates the concepts of the continuous and the infinitesimal from two points of view: the philosophical and the mathematical. The first section covers the history of these ideas in philosophy. Chapter one, entitled ‘The continuous and the discrete in Ancient Greece, the Orient and the European Middle Ages,’ reviews the work of Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and other Ancient Greeks; the elements of early Chinese, Indian and Islamic thought; and early Europeans including Henry of Harclay, Nicholas of Autrecourt, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Thomas Bradwardine and Nicolas Oreme. The second chapter of the book covers European thinkers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: Galileo, Newton, Leibniz, Descartes, Arnauld, Fermat, and more. Chapter three, 'The age of continuity,’ discusses eighteenth century mathematicians including Euler and Carnot, and philosophers, among them Hume, Kant and Hegel. Examining the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the fourth chapter describes the reduction of the continuous to the discrete, citing the contributions of Bolzano, Cauchy and Reimann. Part one of the book concludes with a chapter on divergent conceptions of the continuum, with the work of nineteenth and early twentieth century philosophers and mathematicians, including Veronese, Poincaré, Brouwer, and Weyl. Part two of this book covers contemporary mathematics, discussing topology and manifolds, categories, and functors, Grothendieck topologies, sheaves, and elementary topoi. Among the theories presented in detail are non-standard analysis, constructive and intuitionist analysis, and smooth infinitesimal analysis/synthetic differential geometry. No other book so thoroughly covers the history and development of the concepts of the continuous and the infinitesimal.
Fundamentals of Calculus
Author: Gerald Atkins
Publisher: Larsen and Keller Education
Published: 2019-06-17
Total Pages: 276
ISBN-13: 9781641721400
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCalculus is a branch of mathematics that studies continuous change. It can be divided into the two branches of differential and integral calculus. The principles of limits and infinitesimals, the fundamental theorem of calculus and the convergence of infinite sequences and infinite series are fundamental to the development of calculus. Current studies in this field are in the areas of reformulations of calculus such as non-standard calculus, smooth infinitesimal analysis and constructive analysis. An understanding of this domain is crucial for developing a functional approach to advanced mathematical analysis. Besides advancing the frontiers of advanced mathematics, calculus is also instrumental in science, engineering and economics. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of calculus. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this textbook an invaluable source of knowledge.
Foundations of Data Science
Author: Avrim Blum
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2020-01-23
Total Pages: 433
ISBN-13: 1108617360
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book provides an introduction to the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of data science, including machine learning, high-dimensional geometry, and analysis of large networks. Topics include the counterintuitive nature of data in high dimensions, important linear algebraic techniques such as singular value decomposition, the theory of random walks and Markov chains, the fundamentals of and important algorithms for machine learning, algorithms and analysis for clustering, probabilistic models for large networks, representation learning including topic modelling and non-negative matrix factorization, wavelets and compressed sensing. Important probabilistic techniques are developed including the law of large numbers, tail inequalities, analysis of random projections, generalization guarantees in machine learning, and moment methods for analysis of phase transitions in large random graphs. Additionally, important structural and complexity measures are discussed such as matrix norms and VC-dimension. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate courses in the design and analysis of algorithms for data.
Infinitesimal Analysis
Author: E.I. Gordon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-03-14
Total Pages: 435
ISBN-13: 940170063X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKInfinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents. Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of calculus, but also has suggested many powerful tools for research in every branch of modern mathematics. The book sets forth the basics of the theory, as well as the most recent applications in, for example, functional analysis, optimization, and harmonic analysis. The concentric style of exposition enables this work to serve as an elementary introduction to one of the most promising mathematical technologies, while revealing up-to-date methods of monadology and hyperapproximation. This is a companion volume to the earlier works on nonstandard methods of analysis by A.G. Kusraev and S.S. Kutateladze (1999), ISBN 0-7923-5921-6 and Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices edited by S.S. Kutateladze (2000), ISBN 0-7923-6619-0
Foundations of Differential Calculus
Author: Euler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2006-05-04
Total Pages: 208
ISBN-13: 0387226451
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe positive response to the publication of Blanton's English translations of Euler's "Introduction to Analysis of the Infinite" confirmed the relevance of this 240 year old work and encouraged Blanton to translate Euler's "Foundations of Differential Calculus" as well. The current book constitutes just the first 9 out of 27 chapters. The remaining chapters will be published at a later time. With this new translation, Euler's thoughts will not only be more accessible but more widely enjoyed by the mathematical community.
Infinitesimal
Author: Amir Alexander
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Published: 2014-07-03
Total Pages: 317
ISBN-13: 1780745338
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOn August 10, 1632, five leading Jesuits convened in a sombre Roman palazzo to pass judgment on a simple idea: that a continuous line is composed of distinct and limitlessly tiny parts. The doctrine would become the foundation of calculus, but on that fateful day the judges ruled that it was forbidden. With the stroke of a pen they set off a war for the soul of the modern world. Amir Alexander takes us from the bloody religious strife of the sixteenth century to the battlefields of the English civil war and the fierce confrontations between leading thinkers like Galileo and Hobbes. The legitimacy of popes and kings, as well as our modern beliefs in human liberty and progressive science, hung in the balance; the answer hinged on the infinitesimal. Pulsing with drama and excitement, Infinitesimal will forever change the way you look at a simple line.
