Foreign Direct Investment and Women Empowerment: New Evidence on Developing Countries
Foreign Direct Investment and Women Empowerment: New Evidence on Developing Countries

Author: Rasmané Ouedraogo

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-03-05

Total Pages: 45

ISBN-13: 1484344847

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This paper assesses the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on gender development and gender inequality. In fact, FDI through increased labor demand, technological spillovers but mostly through corporate social responsibility and economic growth, can potentially influence women’s welfare. Using a panel dataset of 94 developing countries from 1990 to 2015, we find that FDI inflows improve women’s welfare and decrease gender inequality. However, the impact is lower in countries where women have low access to resources and face a heavier burden to open a business. This suggests that for countries to fully benefit from FDI inflows, they should ensure that women can enjoy free access to the labor market and associated income.

Empowering Women
Empowering Women

Author: Rufei Guo

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The gender education gap has been narrowing worldwide in recent decades. We provide the first causal evidence on how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects the gender education gap. By exploiting the quasi-exogenous deregulation of FDI entry in China upon its WTO accession, we find that prefectures that experienced greater FDI deregulation tend to have a lower gender education gap for the exposed cohorts. This finding is robust to various identification challenges. We further show that FDI shapes the gender education gap through both the job-opportunity channel, which disproportionately increases the demand for unskilled males and reduces the high school attendance of male students; and the culture-spillover channel, which transmits gender-equal social norms and increases the high school attendance of female students. In addition, FDI deregulation also has a persistent effect on gender equality by empowering women's careers.

Foreign Direct Investment and Female Entrepreneurship
Foreign Direct Investment and Female Entrepreneurship

Author: Sheng Fang

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Using World Bank Enterprise Survey data around the world, this paper examines how foreign direct investment is associated with female entrepreneurship (that is, a firm being managed and at least partly owned by women), along with other factors such as business environment and female empowerment, and their interactions with foreign direct investment. Female entrepreneurship rises with foreign direct investment inflow, lower entry barriers for women, women's better access to finance, higher female labor force participation, and women's better education. The positive association of foreign direct investment inflow and female entrepreneurship is stronger for firms in the service sectors and small firms. The horizontal competition effects of intra-industry foreign direct investment for female entrepreneurship are reduced when women face lower entry barriers for starting a business and have a higher labor force participation rate, and the effects do not depend on women's access to finance or their level of education.

Women Empowerment, Supply Chain Linkages and FDI
Women Empowerment, Supply Chain Linkages and FDI

Author: Ana M. Fernandes

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This paper studies foreign direct investment spillovers on the gender-related labour market practice of domestic firms, based on a unique firm-to-firm data set of Bangladesh's textiles and garment sectors. The paper looks at the female employment of domestic firms that are directly and indirectly related to foreign-owned firms through supply chain linkages. These domestic firms are either the local suppliers or customers of foreign-owned firms, or they share local suppliers and customers with foreign-owned firms. The estimates show that domestic firms related to foreign-owned firms have significantly more female administrative workers, but not necessarily more female non-administrative workers, owing to the former participating in more firm-to-firm interactions.

Globalization and the Empowerment of Women
Globalization and the Empowerment of Women

Author: Eric Neumayer

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This article tests the hypothesis that higher women's economic and social rights in foreign countries with which a country is connected via trade and FDI spill-over into higher rights among the laggards -- a phenomenon known as spatial dependence. Analyzing women's rights over the period 1981 to 2007 in a global sample and samples of countries at different stages of economic development, we find consistent evidence for spill-over effects via trade links, with the exception of a sample of low-income countries. We also find some evidence for similar effects via FDI, but only for economic rights and only in middle-income countries.

FDI Qualities Review of Austria
FDI Qualities Review of Austria

Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789264983656

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria provides the knowledge and financial resources needed to stimulate the economy and sustainable development. In addition, the activities and employment practices of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises influence the creation and quality of jobs, including for women. This report asseses gender equality and women's empowerment in the Austrian labour market. It then examines the impact of FDI on several dimensions of gender equality, including employment, wages, skills development, career progression and entrepreneurship. It also briefly explores areas for policy consideration.

Foreign Direct Investment and Women Empowermwent
Foreign Direct Investment and Women Empowermwent

Author: Rasmane Ouedraogo

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 45

ISBN-13:

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This paper assesses the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on gender development and gender inequality. In fact, FDI through increased labor demand, technological spillovers but mostly through corporate social responsibility and economic growth, can potentially influence women’s welfare. Using a panel dataset of 94 developing countries from 1990 to 2015, we find that FDI inflows improve women’s welfare and decrease gender inequality. However, the impact is lower in countries where women have low access to resources and face a heavier burden to open a business. This suggests that for countries to fully benefit from FDI inflows, they should ensure that women can enjoy free access to the labor market and associated income.

FDI Qualities Review of Austria Closing Gender Gaps and Empowering Women
FDI Qualities Review of Austria Closing Gender Gaps and Empowering Women

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2023-03-08

Total Pages: 49

ISBN-13: 9264623256

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria provides the knowledge and financial resources needed to stimulate the economy and sustainable development. In addition, the activities and employment practices of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises influence the creation and quality of jobs, including for women.

Voice and Agency
Voice and Agency

Author: Jeni Klugman

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2014-09-29

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 1464803609

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Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.