Predicting Chemical Toxicity and Fate
Predicting Chemical Toxicity and Fate

Author: Mark T.D. Cronin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2004-05-10

Total Pages: 474

ISBN-13: 9780203642627

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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) are increasingly used to predict the harmful effects of chemicals to humans and the environment. The increased use of these methods in a variety of areas (academic, industrial, regulatory) results from a realization that very little toxicological or fate data is available on the vast amount of chemicals to which humans and the environment are exposed. Predicting Chemical Toxicity and Fate provides a comprehensive explanation of the state-of-the-art methods that are available to predict the effects of chemicals on humans and the environment. It describes the use of predictive methods to estimate the physiochemical properties, biological activities, and fate of chemicals. The methods described may be used to predict the properties of drugs before their development, and to predict the environmental effects of chemicals. These methods also reduce the cost of product development and the need for animal testing. This book fills an obvious need by providing a comprehensive explanation of these prediction methods. It is a practical book that illustrates the use of these techniques in real life scenarios. This book will demystify QSARs for those students unsure of them, and professionals in environmental toxicology and chemistry will find this a useful reference in their everyday working lives.

Modern Age Waste Water Problems
Modern Age Waste Water Problems

Author: Mohammad Oves

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-06-12

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 3030082830

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This book presents a picture of the advances in the research of theoretical and practical frameworks of wastewater problems and solutions. The book deals with a basic concept and principles of modern biological, chemical and technical approaches to remediate various hazardous pollutants from wastewater. The latest empirical research findings in wastewater treatment are comprehensively discussed. Examples of low-cost technologies are also included. The book is written for professionals, researchers, academics and students wanting to improve their understanding of the strategic role of environmental protection and advanced applied technologies.

Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition
Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition

Author: Donald Mackay

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-03-14

Total Pages: 1000

ISBN-13: 9781566706872

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Transport and transformation processes are key for determining how humans and other organisms are exposed to chemicals. These processes are largely controlled by the chemicals’ physical-chemical properties. This new edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is a comprehensive series in four volumes that serves as a reference source for environmentally relevant physical-chemical property data of numerous groups of chemical substances. The handbook contains physical-chemical property data from peer-reviewed journals and other valuable sources on over 1200 chemicals of environmental concern. The handbook contains new data on the temperature dependence of selected physical-chemical properties, which allows scientists and engineers to perform better chemical assessments for climatic conditions outside the 20–25-degree range for which property values are generally reported. This second edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is an essential reference for university libraries, regulatory agencies, consultants, and industry professionals, particularly those concerned with chemical synthesis, emissions, fate, persistence, long-range transport, bioaccumulation, exposure, and biological effects of chemicals in the environment. This resource is also available on CD-ROM

Antifouling Paint Biocides
Antifouling Paint Biocides

Author: Ioannis K. Konstantinou

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-02-22

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9783540314042

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Contamination of the aquatic environment by antifouling compounds has been a topic of increasing importance during the last few years. This book describes advances in antifouling paint biocides, and provides thorough evaluation of research and information on occurrence and levels, environmental fate, analytical techniques and methods for the monitoring and control, environmental modeling, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment placing emphasis on the knowledge acquired over the last decade.

Oil in the Sea III
Oil in the Sea III

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2003-03-14

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0309084385

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Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.

Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Author: Klaus Kümmerer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-10-10

Total Pages: 531

ISBN-13: 3540746641

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Following the success of the first edition, this pioneering study of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been updated and greatly extended. It includes the status of research on pharmaceuticals in soil, with attention to terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as new substance categories such as tetracylines and chinolones and the latest results concerning contamination of the environment and risk reduction.

Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants
Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants

Author: Gwen O'Sullivan

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2013-11-20

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 0444594515

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Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants represents the state-of-the-art in environmental forensics in relation to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The book is a complete reference for practitioners and students, covering a range of topics from new analytical techniques to regulatory and legal status in the global community. Through case studies from leading international experts, real-world issues — including the allocation of responsibility for release into the environment — are resolved through the application of advanced analytical and scientific techniques. This book introduces and assesses the development of new techniques and technologies to trace the source and fate of newly emerging and classic POPs (perfluoroalkyl substances, brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls) in environmental media, including atmospheric, marine, freshwater, and urban environments. - Real-world case studies show the application of advanced analytical and scientific techniques - Discussion of GC*GC provides an introduction and assessment of a novel technique from leaders in the field - Introduces the development of new analytical techniques (such as 2-D GC*HC and LC*LC) to trace the source and fate - Raises awareness about the health and environmental impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) - Outlines the development of international measures to control POPs so that chemists can understand the legal issues

Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment
Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment

Author: Louis J. Thibodeaux

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-10-21

Total Pages: 619

ISBN-13: 1420047566

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A comprehensive account of the state of the science of environmental mass transportEdited by Louis J. Thibodeaux and Donald Mackay, renowned experts in this field, the Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment covers those processes which are critically important for assessing chemical fate, exposure, and risk. In a comprehensive and a

Prediction of the Environmental Fate of Chemicals
Prediction of the Environmental Fate of Chemicals

Author: Y. Samiullah

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 9400922116

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Concern over the effects of chemicals in the environment has been increasing for many years. Environmental contamination by DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, mercury, PCBs, organotins and many other sub stances are all part of the public consciousness and have led to widespread attention to this topic. Some of the concerns have arisen because human health has been affected when contaminants have been consumed via the food chain-for instance in the case of 'Minimata disease' in Japan. In other cases, direct effects on other components of ecosystems have given cause for alarm. The toxic effects which any chemical can cause are a function of exposure and innate toxicity, i.e. of the ability to reach in sufficient quantity a site where a biological process can be disrupted and of the tendency to cause disruption when it gets there. The processes by which chemicals reach sites of toxic action are the subject of this book, and are a fundamental consideration in ecotoxi cology. When a chemical enters the environment e.g. via a spillage or in an effluent, it is potentially subject to a wide variety of processes which may eliminate it from the environment completely, modify it into a more or less harmful substance, or transfer it to another part of the environment. The processes involved are complex and highly variable, but it is essential to increase our understanding of them.

Mixture Toxicity
Mixture Toxicity

Author: Cornelis A. M. van Gestel

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2016-04-19

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1439830096

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In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an