Field Observations and Evaluations of Streambed Scour at Bridges
Field Observations and Evaluations of Streambed Scour at Bridges

Author: U. S. Department Of Transportation

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2015-03-12

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 9781508836582

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Bridge piers and highway embankments leading to a bridge often obstruct the flow of floodwaters, causing an increase in velocity and the development of vortices. The increased velocity and vortices often cause scour near the bridge foundations. The damage to and failure of bridges caused by scour are problems of national concern. This report describes the results of the second USGS national field-data collection and analysis study on scour at bridges, funded by FHWA. The database originally developed during the first national study has been enhanced and many scour measurements added, including measurements of abutment and contraction scour. Sufficient local pier scour data are now available to permit a detailed analysis of local pier scour. Scour depths computed from published pier scour equations are compared to the field measurements. Many commonly cited dimensionless variables believed to control the depth of scour are evaluated and compared with equations developed from laboratory data. The effect of the size and gradation of the bed material on the depth of scour is investigated, and a correction factor for the HEC-18 pier scour equation is proposed. Available data are insufficient to permit a detailed investigation of contraction and abutment scour; however, some basic comparisons and qualitative observations are presented on the basis of a review of the literature. The results of scour analyses for two contracted bridges are compared with real-time field data.

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering

Author: Tung Nguyen-Xuan

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-08-12

Total Pages: 783

ISBN-13: 981992345X

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This book contains the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering, ICSCE 2022, held on November 25–27, 2022, in Hanoi, Vietnam. It presents the expertise of scientists and engineers in academia and industry in the field of bridge and highway engineering, construction materials, environmental engineering, engineering in Industry 4.0, geotechnical engineering, structural damage detection and health monitoring, structural engineering, geographic information system engineering, traffic, transportation and logistics engineering, and water resources, estuary, and coastal engineering.

Evaluation of Pier-scour Equations for Coarse-bed Streams
Evaluation of Pier-scour Equations for Coarse-bed Streams

Author: Katherine J. Chase

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Streambed scour at bridge piers is among the leading causes of bridge failure in the United States. Several pier-scour equations have been developed to calculate potential scour depths at existing and proposed bridges. Because many pier-scour equations are based on data from laboratory flumes and from cohesionless silt- and sand-bottomed streams, they tend to overestimate scour for piers in coarse-bed materials. Several equations have been developed to incorporate the mitigating effects of large particle sizes on pier scour, but further investigations are needed to evaluate how accurately pier-scour depths calculated by these equations match measured field data. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Transportation, describes the evaluation of five pier-scour equations for coarse-bed streams. Pier-scour and associated bridge-geometry, bed-material, and streamflow measurement data at bridges over coarse-bed streams in Montana, Alaska, Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia were selected from the Bridge Scour Data Management System. Pier scour calculated using the Simplified Chinese equation, the Froehlich equation, the Froehlich design equation, the HEC-18/Jones equation and the HEC-18/Mueller equation for flood events with approximate recurrence intervals of less than 2 to 100 years were compared to 42 pier-scour measurements. Comparison of results showed that pier-scour depths calculated with the HEC-18/Mueller equation were seldom smaller than measured pier-scour depths. In addition, pier-scour depths calculated using the HEC-18/Mueller equation were closer to measured scour than for the other equations that did not underestimate pier scour. However, more data are needed from coarse-bed streams and from less frequent flood events to further evaluate pier-scour equations.

Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges
Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges

Author: Everett V. Richardson

Publisher: ASCE Publications

Published: 1999-01-01

Total Pages: 1076

ISBN-13: 9780784474655

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Sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Divsion of ASCE. This collection contains 75 papers and 321 abstracts presented at conferences sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Division of ASCE from 1991 through 1998. The collection contains many new and expanded versions of the original papers and is designed to assist the practitioner with the concepts in evaluating stream instability and scour at bridges. Topics include: history of bridge scour research; bridge scour determination; stream stability and geomorphology; construction scour; instrumentation for measuring and monitoring; field measurement; computer and physical modeling of bridge scour; scour at culverts; and economic and risk analysis. One important paper contains 384 field measurements of local scour at piers made by the U.S. Geological Survey.