FEM Analysis of the Human Knee Joint
FEM Analysis of the Human Knee Joint

Author: Zahra Trad

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-02-13

Total Pages: 94

ISBN-13: 3319741586

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In recent years, numerous scientific investigations have studied the anatomical, biomechanical and functional role of structures involved in the human knee joint. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been seen as an interesting tool to study and simulate biosystems. It has been extensively used to analyse the knee joint and various types of knee diseases and rehabilitation procedures such as the High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO). This work presents a review on FEM analysis of the human knee joint and HTO knee surgery, and discusses how adequate this computational tool is for this type of biomedical applications. Hence, various studies addressing the knee joint based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are reviewed, and an overview of clinical and biomechanical studies on the optimization of the correction angle of the postoperative knee surgery is provided.

Model Optimisation and Finite Element Analysis of a Human Knee Joint
Model Optimisation and Finite Element Analysis of a Human Knee Joint

Author: Niels Vankrunkelsven

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Due to certain deviations of the knee anatomy, the cartilage, the ligaments or patella, some knees are less efficient to absorb shocks and transfer forces. This means the knees will wear out faster, which may result in premature necessity for knee prosthesis. The cartilage is a tissue which does not have blood vessels. As a result, the natural regeneration of the tissue is very limited. This thesis sheds light on the most common deviations of the knee anatomy. The different models are processed and simulated to examine the influence of the knee anatomy on stress and pressure in the knee joint. Patient 1 is a male with a common knee. Patient 2 is a male with a small medial condyle of the femoral cartilage. Patient 3 is a male with a large medial condyle of the femoral cartilage. Due to ethical principles it is not possible to test the influences of the knee anatomy on a living patient. Tests can be performed on cadaver knees. The tests have to be done as soon as possible after the death of the donor. Another problem is that everyone has different knees, like fingerprints they are unique. Assembling a database containing all morphological deviations is impossible. Consequently, a cooperation with engineers is started in order to simulate and examine the knee models. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the influences of the deviations of the knee anatomy before and after a meniscectomy. Using Finite Element Analysis we examine the stress and pressure points in a human knee joint. Another aim of the present paper is to develop a procedure to optimise the model for a Finite Element Analysis. We succeeded in developing an optimisation procedure. This procedure can be used to optimise any scan for a Finite Element Analysis, which was not possible with most of the existing procedures. The developed procedure can be used in any field of research in which model optimisation of a 3D object is used. Most numerical model studies in the field of biomechanics have been focusing on stress analysis of a common knee. Medical experience, however, suggests that most knee complaints arise with divergent knees. Issues of the knee joint can be predicted and anticipated in an early stage by using Finite Element Analyses.

Finite Element Simulation of the Human Knee Joint in ABAQUS/explicit Using Dynamic Kinematic Inputs
Finite Element Simulation of the Human Knee Joint in ABAQUS/explicit Using Dynamic Kinematic Inputs

Author: Himabindu Bodduna

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13:

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The objective of this study was to develop a dynamic three-dimensional subject specific computational knee model by using finite element method and validate the finite element model using a validated multi-body model developed in MSC - ADAMS. The geometric input data required to create subject specific model was obtained from Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the specimen knee. The kinematic input data was obtained from simulation of the knee in a dynamic knee simulator. The three dimensional knee model was created using MR images of specimen knee. Hexahedral element meshing was performed for the construction of finite element model and ABAQUS is used for analysis purpose. Various studies were performed to identify the effects of the ABAQUS input parameters on the accuracy of the results. The finite element (FE) model was then simulated for the kinematic input obtained from a ten second squat cycle and output values for reaction force in the fixed part were recorded. The validation of FR model was conducted by comparing the results with the validated ADAMS model. Finally future improvements are suggested.

Finite Element Analysis on Human Knee
Finite Element Analysis on Human Knee

Author: Nor Akmal Halim

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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Three dimensional model of human knee were developed to clarify the causes of knee joint injuries such as osteoarthritis, bursitis, and ligament tears. The model developed allowed the simulation by the performance of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of different angles and different forces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the result of kneeling 60 degree, kneeling 90 degree, and squatting to the knee joint with and without kneepad. However, this study is focused for construction worker such as mining worker. This study was simulated by using Autodesk Simulation Multiphysics to solve the finite element analysis. There are several crucial points to the proper application of numerical method such as the geometry, material properties, and boundary condition must be created to solve the finite element analysis that must have in finite element method. The force applied is at the area patella with the value of 303N, 603 N, and 903 N. The femur bone, tibia bone, and patella are assumed as rigid body. From the result the effect of kneeling 90 degree, kneeling 120 degree flexion, and squatting to the patella., the maximum stress on patella of 90 degree flexion is higher because have larger contact surface area as the knee was bent than 60 degree flexion and 120 degree flexion. For stress vs. deformation for cartilage, the position of 90 degree flexion give the higher stress and deformation as the stress on patella was high the stress to the cartilage became higher the contact stress of patella occur at the superior half of the patella and an area of the femoral groove just above the notch that means the contact stress of patella to cartilage 90 degree flexion was larger than 60 degree and 120 degree flexion. As for ligaments, at 90 degree flexion,the higher stress occur at ACL for without and with kneepad with the value 0.507 MPa and 0.0667 MPa with the percentage of absorption to the kneepad is 86%, followed by PCL 98.5 %. MCL is 99.4%, and LCL 98.5 %. From the result, it is true that the most common ligament injuries in mining or construction worker is ACL tear as the results shows that ACL gives highest stress that other ligaments. PCL had lower stress than ACL as in medical, PCL gives far less common injury than ACL because of PCL function itself that maintaining joint normal function. From the research, it can be concluded that wearing the kneepad will reduce the stress on knee ligament of construction worker to prevent injury and knee pain.

Stress Analysis of the Human Tibia Knee Joint Using Finite Element Method
Stress Analysis of the Human Tibia Knee Joint Using Finite Element Method

Author: Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13:

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Despite the several years of studies that have been contributed to the human knee joint in pursue of producing a failure free knee joint protheses, there are still a lot of rooms for improvement on the available protheses. In this present study, a series of analyses on the human tibia has been carried out. The objectives of the present study were to study effects of stress distribution on human tibia in various degrees of flexion simulating walking and squatting. The Finite Element (FE) method was adopted for the analysis. Through the finite element analyses, data concerning the stress distribution and von Misses stress during gait cycle and squatting were obtained. The results obtained were compared with those of the experimental literature for validation. The results of this present study indicated that low stress value occurs during toe-off simulation while the high stress value occurs during deep flexion with the knee is flexed 90o. The von Mises stress observed on the medial compartment during these instants were 13.85Mpa and 26.84Mpa respectively. The obtained average stress distribution of a gait cycle and deep flexions were 15.29MPa and 25.09Mpa respectively. It is worth to note that a high stress concentration occurs at the tibial plateau, distinctively at the medial compartment. This implies that under deep flexion a possible unstable fracture will be initiated since the maximum stress allowable on the tibia is 25MPa. In conclusion, this kind of research gives a better understanding of the stress applied on the tibia by body weight that assist on designing Total Knee Replacement against failure. The result could support in the context of minimizing contact stress between the tibia bone and the tibial insert.

Modeling and Analysis of Knee and Hip Joints
Modeling and Analysis of Knee and Hip Joints

Author: Bhaskar Kumar Madeti

Publisher: Independent Author

Published: 2022-12-08

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783000877926

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Biomechanics as an independent branch of science has gained considerable importance over the last seven decades especially owing to its valuable medical applications. Replacement of hip joint and knee components due to wear, injury or even breakage caused by accidents or due to senility. Consequently, considerable research has been intensively choosing suitable synthetic materials, conducting experiments on musculoskeletal models and carrying out an appropriate finite element analysis. However researchers have not concentrated on the detailed analysis of various forces in the bones and muscles connected to the knee and hip joints. Attention of researchers in recent past has been leaning more towards the biological and medical fields than on the mechanical computations. The present work aims at developing a representation of all the forces by the free body diagrams of the hip and knee joints. To know the force or stress distribution in the hip and knee joints of human being, one has to understand hip and knee anatomy. Knee joint is a complicated assembly; force analysis of knee is carried out by using principles of classical mechanics. Axial compressive and Muscle forces are the two forces which acts on the knee joint, is determined for three different postures of human being (standing, staircase accent and staircase decent). Hip joint is also another intricate assembly; here force analysis of hip is also carried out by using principles of classical mechanics. Axial compressive and ligament forces are the two forces which acts on the hip joint, is determined for standing and bending postures for various body weights of human being. The two major bones involved in both knee and hip joints are Tibia and Femur. In order to create 3D geometric models of these bones, image processing software is used. The input source for image processing software is CT Scan slices (DICOM images). The sequence of the slices is selected, by using scan image processing tools like segmentation, volume rendering and various filters, three dimensional models are created. Finally, fine mesh is generated to these bone models, these files are saved as .stl format and imported to ANSYS 15.0. By providing the boundary conditions to the 3D models of bones in ANSYS software, the Von-Mises stresses, normal stresses and total deformations are evaluated for both the bones, Tibia and Femur.

Cartilage Tissue and Knee Joint Biomechanics
Cartilage Tissue and Knee Joint Biomechanics

Author: Amirsadegh Rezazadeh Nochehdehi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-09-18

Total Pages: 765

ISBN-13: 0323907210

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Cartilage, Tissue and Knee Joint Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Characterization and Modelling is a cutting-edge multidisciplinary book specifically focused on modeling, characterization and related clinical aspects. The book takes a comprehensive approach towards mechanics, fundamentals, morphology and properties of Cartilage Tissue and Knee Joints. Leading researchers from health science, medical technologists, engineers, academics, government, and private research institutions across the globe have contributed to this book. This book is a very valuable resource for graduates and postgraduates, engineers and research scholars. The content also includes comprehensive real-world applications. As a reference for the total knee arthroplasty, this book focuses deeply on existing related theories (including: histology, design, manufacturing and clinical aspects) to assist readers in solving fundamental and applied problems in biomechanical and biomaterials characterization, modeling and simulation of human cartilages and cells. For biomedical engineers dealing with implants and biomaterials for knee joint injuries, this book will guide you in learning the knee anatomy, range of motion, surgical procedures, physiological loading and boundary conditions, biomechanics of connective soft tissues, type of injuries, and more. Provides a comprehensive resource on the knee joint and its connective soft tissues; content included spans biomechanics, biomaterials, biology, anatomy, imaging and surgical procedure Covers ISO and FDA based regulatory control and compliance in the manufacturing process Includes discussions on the relationship between knee anatomical parameters and knee biomechanics