Congress and Crime
Congress and Crime

Author: Joseph F. Zimmerman

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2014-08-06

Total Pages: 177

ISBN-13: 0739198076

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Congress in the latter part of the nineteenth century decided to enact a series of statutes facilitating state enforcement of their respective criminal laws. Subsequently, Congress enacted statutes federalizing what had been solely state crimes, thereby establishing federal court and state court concurrent jurisdiction over these crimes. Federalization of state crimes has been criticized by numerous scholars, U.S. Supreme Court justices, and national organizations. Such federalization has congested the calendars of the U.S. District Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals leading to delays in civil cases because of the Speedy TrialAct that vacates a criminal indictment if a trial is not commenced within a specific number of days, resulted in over-crowded U.S. penitentiaries, and raises the issue of double jeopardy that is prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the constitution of each state. This book examines the impact of federalization of state crime and draws conclusions regarding its desirability. It also offers recommendations directed to Congress and the President, one recommendation direct to state legislatures for remedial actions to reduce the undesirable effects of federalized state crimes, and one recommendation that Congress and all states enter into a federal-interstate criminal suppression compact.

Criminal Justice System
Criminal Justice System

Author: United States. National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals

Publisher:

Published: 1973

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13:

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This manual contains the standards for reform in the management and operation of the criminal justice system, focusing on planning, education, and information systems. Planning for resource allocation is one of the most important functions that a criminal justice agency performs. The 1968 Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act required the creation of state criminal justice planning agencies and the development of annual state comprehensive plans as a contingency for state participation in federal criminal justice funding. In the initial section of this volume, the National Advisory Commission points out the need for additional planning at the metropolitan and regional levels, and indicates the necessity for quantifying performance objectives. It also stresses participation in the planning process by criminal justice agencies, government departments and private citizens. The Commission recommends the development of state integrated multiyear planning and the establishment of criminal justice coordinating councils by all major cities and counties. Other areas of concern to the Commission, in addition to management and budget planning, include systems analysis, information systems, evaluation, personnel training, and criminal code revision. These and other commission proposals appear in the form of specific standards and recommendations -- nearly 70 in all -- that spell out in detail what the segments of the criminal justice system-the police, courts, and correctional agencies can do to upgrade and modernize many of their functions. This manual is a reference work for the practitioner as well as the interested layman.

The Criminal Justice System: Its Functions and Personnel
The Criminal Justice System: Its Functions and Personnel

Author: George T. Felkenes

Publisher:

Published: 1974

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 9780131930520

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This is a study of the duties, functions, qualifications, selection processes, and potential for advancement associated with law enforcement, courts, and correctional personnel. The specific roles and the personnel that comprise the operating criminal justice system are identified and analyzed in this study. Detailing not only duties and functions, but also qualifications, selection processes, and even potential for advancement, the work forms an unusual perspective of the field for students of law enforcement, police science, criminal law, criminology, and corrections. The study details over fifty-five distinct professions within the criminal justice system, and discusses the qualifications required and the tasks performed by each. A major section of the book is its examination of the prosecutorial function - the powers and duties, the major concepts and criticisms of the role of the prosecutor, and the multi-faceted role of the defense attorney, including his duties and professional responsibilities, as well as the function of court appointed counsels and public defenders. Law enforcement is viewed at every level from municipal through federal agencies, with a focus on police legal advisors, criminalists, and the numerous other individuals who comprise the total law enforcement complex. The function of the court is presented through the roles of the various court officers - judges, juries, grand juries, bailiffs, clerks, and reporters. Each is discussed in terms of qualifications, duties, and function in the mechanics of the courtroom procedure. A final section covers the corrections system - the custodial and institutional personnel, as well as the juvenile, probation and parole officers who work with offenders in the community.

Go Directly to Jail
Go Directly to Jail

Author: Gene Healy

Publisher: Cato Institute

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9781930865631

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The American criminal justice system is becoming ever more centralized and punitive, owing to rampant federalization and mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines. Go Directly to Jail examines these alarming trends and proposes reforms that could rein in a criminal justice apparatus at war with fairness and common sense.

American Criminal Justice
American Criminal Justice

Author: Frederick T. Davis

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2019-07-25

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 1108493203

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Provides a comprehensive, readable overview of how criminal justice actually works in the United States, and what makes US procedures distinctive and important.