This book assembles most of the works presented at the International Workshop on Extreme Rainfall Induced Landslides, held in Rio de Janeiro 11-15 February 2012, in response to the landslide disaster which occurred in the Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro one year before, and also other disasters in the states of Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Minas Gerais. The workshop brought together great landslide experts from all around the world, and the outcome was a Final Report sent to competent governmental Brazilian authorities. The presentations, discussions and lessons learned highlighted the urgency of governmental actions to incentivize scientific and technological researches, aiming to accelerate the methodological development in order to avoid, reduce and mitigate the hazardous consequences of these natural disasters.
This book includes five articles and a technical note recently published in the Special Issue "Rainfall-Induced Landslides Hazard" from the journal Hydrology. Its main objective is to describe the latest developments and applications of the use of new numerical and analytical methods to improve our understanding of rainfall-induced landslide models and other aspects of landslide-hazard assessment. In the first article, based on the estimation of rainfall thresholds and their return periods in a sector of southern Spain, a linear equation for the rainfall duration threshold and a power-law curve for the intensity-duration pair were determined. The second and fourth articles present two case studies in Italy on the assessment of landslide susceptibility. One of them uses the Weight of Evidence method and takes into account parameters such as geology, activity, land use, average annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events, and the other one compares Forward Conditional Analysis and Forward Logistic Regression methods. The next work aims to generate and compare the basic information on rainfall events triggering landslides in two areas with different climate and geological settings (southern Ecuador and southern Spain). In addition, this paper gives preliminary insights into the correlation between these rainfall events and major climate cycles affecting each of these study areas. The last article focuses on the estimation of evapotranspiration using remote sensing and the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land in western Iran. Finally, the technical note presents a procedure to determine and validate the probabilities for landslide occurrence by using different precipitation parameters (rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and event rainfall) in Bhutan.
Early warning system is a low cost and most effective precursor for safeguarding human lives and reducing property damages resulted from the catastrophic landslides if properly implemented in populated landslide-prone areas. A core essence in establishing landslide early warning is to develop a reliable prediction method of landslide occurrence time. This study simply aims at understanding the mechanism of landslides induced by extreme rainfall and the rainfall characteristics enabling landslides to help issue warning of rainfall-induced landslides in tropical soils of Southeast Asia countries where very limited number of ground based rain gauges are available. And, there is no implemented methodology for issuing effective warming of landslide in those regions yet.
Most landslides are triggered by rainfall. In previous studies, slope stability is often evaluated based on the infiltration analysis. Hydro-mechanical coupling is significant to rainfall-caused landslide evolution. This book covers theoretical models of unsaturated infiltration, and provides hydro-mechanical models for rainfall-induced landslides. The influences of rainfall patterns, boundary conditions, layered structures, and SWCC hysteresis on the coupled unsaturated infiltration and deformation are discussed. Laboratory testing of rainfall-induced landslides is performed to study the developing process of landslide upon rainfall infiltration. The results provide a better understanding of rainfall-induced landslides.
This volume contains peer-reviewed papers from the Fourth World Landslide Forum organized by the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), the Global Promotion Committee of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL), University of Ljubljana (UL) and Geological Survey of Slovenia in Ljubljana, Slovenia from May 29 to June 2, 2017. The complete collection of papers from the Forum is published in five full-color volumes. This fourth volume contains the following: • Earthquake-Induced Landslides • Rainfall-Induced Landslides • Rapid Landslides: Debris Flows, Mudflows, Rapid Debris-Slides • Landslides in Rocks and Complex Landslides: Rock Topples, Rock Falls, Rock Slides,Complex Landslides • Landslides and Other Natural Hazards: Floods, Droughts, Wildfires, Tsunamis, Volcanoes Prof. Matjaž Mikoš is the Forum Chair of the Fourth World Landslide Forum. He is the Vice President of International Consortium on Landslides and President of the Slovenian NationalPlatform for Disaster Risk Reduction. Prof. Nicola Casagli is Founding member of the International Consortium on Landslides(ICL), professor at the University of Florence and founder of the UNESCO Chair on geohydrological hazards at the same University. Prof. Yueping Yin is the President of the International Consortium on Landslides and the Chairman of the Committee of Geo-Hazards Prevention of China, and the Chief Geologist of Geo-Hazard Emergency Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, P.R. China”. Prof. Kyoji Sassa is the Founding President of the International Consortium on Landslides(ICL). He is Executive Director of ICL and the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal“Landslides” since its foundation in 2004. IPL (International Programme on Landslides) is a programme of the ICL. The programme is managed by the IPL Global Promotion Committee including ICL and ICL supportingorganizations, UNESCO, WMO, FAO, UNISDR, UNU, ICSU, WFEO, IUGS and IUGG. TheIPL contributes to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025.
Based on contributions to the first General Assembly of the International Consortium on Landslides, this reference and status report emphasizes the mechanisms of different types of landslides, landslide risk analysis, and sustainable disaster management. It comprises the achievements of the ICL over the past three years, since the Kyoto assembly. It consists of three parts: research results of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL); contributions on landslide risk analysis; and articles on sustainable disaster management. In addition, the history of the ICL activities (under the support of UNESCO, WMO, FAO, UN/ISDR, and UNU) is recounted to create a comprehensive overview of international activity on landslides. The contributions reflect a wide range of topics and concerns, randing from field studies, identification of objects of cultural heritage at landslide risk, as well as landslide countermeasures.
Rainfall-induced landslides are common around the world. With global climate change, their frequency is increasing and the consequences are becoming greater. Previous studies assess them mostly from the perspective of a single discipline—correlating landslides with rainstorms, geomorphology and hydrology in order to establish a threshold prediction value for rainfall-induced landslides; analyzing the slope’s stability using a geomechanical approach; or assessing the risk from field records. Rainfall Induced Soil Slope Failure: Stability Analysis and Probabilistic Assessment integrates probabilistic approaches with the geotechnical modeling of slope failures under rainfall conditions with unsaturated soil. It covers theoretical models of rainfall infiltration and stability analysis, reliability analysis based on coupled hydro-mechanical modelling, stability of slopes with cracks, gravels and spatial heterogenous soils, and probabilistic model calibration based on measurement. It focuses on the uncertainties involved with rainfall-induced landslides and presents state-of-the art techniques and methods which characterize the uncertainties and quantify the probabilities and risk of rainfall-induced landslide hazards. Additionally, the authors cover: The failure mechanisms of rainfall-induced slope failure Commonly used infiltration and stability methods The infiltration and stability of natural soil slopes with cracks and colluvium materials Stability evaluation methods based on probabilistic approaches The effect of spatial variability on unsaturated soil slopes and more
With contributions from a panel of researchers from a wide range of fields, the chapters of this book focus on evaluating the potential, utility and application of high resolution satellite precipitation products in relation to surface hydrology.
Rainfall: Physical Process, Measurement, Data Analysis and Usage in Hydrological Investigations integrates different rainfall perspectives, from droplet formation and modeling developments to the experimental measurements and their analysis, to application in surface and subsurface hydrological investigations. Each chapter provides an updated representation of the involved subject with relative open problems and includes a case study at the end of the chapter. The book targets postgraduate readers studying meteorology, civil and environmental engineering, geophysics, agronomy and natural science, as well as practitioners working in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, agronomy and water resource management. Presents comprehensive coverage of rainfall-related topics, from the basic processes involved in the drop formation to data use and modeling Provides real-life examples for practical use in the form of a case study in each chapter
Many countries are increasingly threatened by major landslide disasters and fatalities due to extreme weather events which have major implications for public safety and the sustainability of infrastructure and the built environment. A further increase in such a trend could come from climate change. This book helps to fill in the gap due to the fact that landslide hazards are commonly not covered under the policy debate on climate change. The book highlights the importance of raising awareness to the challenges of landslide hazards due to climate impact. It provides a holistic frame for understanding the key issues and new tools that could be used to assess and manage the landslide risks. The book gathers contributions from 21 countries and regions in the form of national reports or summaries with respect to four key aspects: a) the methods used for evaluating changing weather and changing landslide patterns; b) the changing weather patterns; c) the changing landslide patterns and hazard scenarios; d) the applications to risk management and the formulation of adaptation measures. Recommendations are made for enhanced preparedness and resilience. Improved crisis management and areas for future work are suggested.
