Exploring the Mechanics of Chronic Inflation and Hyperinflation
Exploring the Mechanics of Chronic Inflation and Hyperinflation

Author: Fernando de Holanda Barbosa

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-17

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 331944512X

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This book presents a theoretical framework to explain chronic inflation and hyperinflation. The roots of these two phenomenon are a fiscal monetary regime in which money issues finance the public deficit. Chronic inflation is modeled by using both the old and the new Keynesian model, with a different policy rule. Instead of using the Taylor rule, the central bank policy rule states that money is issued to finance the public deficit. The chronic inflation models take into account the fact that indexation mechanisms adjust prices and wages, yielding the inertial component of inflation. The dynamics of these models can be very unstable under parameter changes or shocks that hit the economy. The previous hyperinflation models surveyed in this book attempt to explain hyperinflation as a bubble phenomenon because they assume a constant real deficit financed by money. The mechanics of hyperinflation models in this book explains hyperinflation by a fiscal crisis, characterized by an increasing fiscal deficit. This fiscal crisis yields an intertemporal budget constraint that is not sustainable. The analysis of the pathology of hyperinflation uses the same tools employed to understand the pathologies of public debt and external debt crises. The hyperinflation model allows a taxonomy of hyperinflations, namely bubble, weak and strong, that can be tested with the inflation tax revenue curve.

The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy
The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy

Author: Edmund Amann

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2018-08-01

Total Pages: 833

ISBN-13: 0190499990

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Brazil is a globally vital but troubled economy. This volume offers comprehensive insight into Brazil's economic development, focusing on its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. This innovative Oxford Handbook provides an understanding of the economy's evolution over time and highlights the implications of the past trajectory and decisions for current challenges and opportunities. The opening section covers the country's economic history, beginning with the colonial economy, through import-substitution, to the era of neoliberalism. Second, it analyses Brazil's broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Particular attention is given to the productive sectors of Brazil's economy, for example manufacturing, agriculture, services, energy, and infrastructure. In addition to discussions of regional differences within Brazil, socio-economic dimensions are examined. These include income distribution, human capital, environmental issues, and health. Also included is a discussion of Brazil in the world economy, such as the increase in "South-South" cooperation and trade as well as foreign direct investment. Last but not least is a discussion of the role of the Brazilian state in the economy, whether through state enterprises, competition policy, or corruption.

Workbook for Macroeconomic Theory
Workbook for Macroeconomic Theory

Author: Fernando de Holanda Barbosa

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-03

Total Pages: 334

ISBN-13: 3030615480

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This workbook presents the answers to the exercises in Macroeconomic Theory, Fluctuations, Inflation and Growth in Closed and Open Economies by Fernando de Holanda Barbosa (2018). Altogether, there are 172 exercises in eleven chapters and three appendices. The organization of this workbook follows the organization of the main text. The first part deals with flexible price models, including the representative agent model, the overlapping generations model, and the Solow growth model. The second part covers sticky price models; both Keynesian and Neoclassical. The third part presents exercises on the government budget constraint and monetary theory issues. There are two types of exercises in this workbook. The first type provides the student with material to practice for a full understanding the subjects presented in the text. The second type covers topics that are not dealt with in the main text, but are included for the sake of completeness. These exercises are marked with an asterisk and can be solved using the tools presented in the corresponding textbook chapter or appendix.

Macroeconomic Theory
Macroeconomic Theory

Author: Fernando de Holanda Barbosa

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-09-20

Total Pages: 467

ISBN-13: 3319921320

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Macroeconomics is the application of economic theory to the study of the economy’s growth, cycle and price-level determination. Macroeconomics takes account of stylized facts observed in the real world and builds theoretical frameworks to explain such facts. Economic growth is a stylized fact of market economies, since England’s nineteenth-century industrial revolution. Until then, poverty was a common good for humanity. Economic growth consists in the persistent, smooth and sustained increase of per-capita income. A market economy shows periods of expanding and contracting economic activity. This phenomenon is the economic cycle. The price of money is the amount of goods bought with one unit of money, in other words, the inverse of the price level. Determination of the price level, or the value of money, is a fascinating subject in a fiat money economy.

Economics of Sustainable Energy
Economics of Sustainable Energy

Author: Jaan S. Islam

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-10-09

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 1119525926

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Co-written by a pioneer of the sustainability movement, this groundbreaking volume offers a new way of thinking about the economics of sustainable energy, a goal that has eluded scientists and economists for decades. Every year, as soon as reports on global economic inequality remind us about the direction our civilization is heading, there is a hysterical reaction, but hysteria dies down within weeks and we go back to the lifestyle that brought us here today. Often the blame is laid on the Millennial generation for their "apathy," "lust for comfort," and "bratty" attitude. Yet, business insider surveys indicate it's the same Millennial generation that overwhelmingly cares for the state of the world and the direction in which our civilization is heading. Nearly 50% of them ranked climate change and destruction of nature as their primary concern. This is followed by concern for war and global conflict, and then global economic inequality. The vast majority of those surveyed are willing and eager to make lifestyle changes. This book breaks open the hypocrisy of our civilization and stops the blame game in its tracks and identifies the root causes of today's world economy, ecology, and global politics. The book demonstrates that changes in lifestyle are necessary but not sufficient. No economic policy or technology development mode has a chance to survive, let alone thrive unless supported by the political establishment. In this process, the government plays a pivotal role. The challenge is to change the attitude of the government from a 'self-serving' controlling mode to a representative philanthropic mode. This new system of economic development and political governance is inspired by a long-forgotten understanding of political economics: medieval Islamic economics. In reviewing the history of economics from trade, currencies, and interest, the strengths and weaknesses of various economic developments over our centuries are evaluated. Based on the historical analysis, a step by step procedure is outlined for this fundamental change in our society today. As a whole, this book is the first in the modern era to offer such a comprehensive analysis, complete with solutions to the entire crisis of today's civilization.

Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation

Author: Fouad Sabry

Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable

Published: 2024-01-06

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13:

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What is Hyperinflation In economics, hyperinflation is defined as inflation that is extremely high and often increases over time. Because of this, the actual value of the local currency is rapidly depreciated, as the prices of all items see an increase. People typically switch to more stable foreign currencies as a result of this, which causes them to reduce the amount of cash they possess of that particular currency. When prices are measured in stable foreign currencies, they often remain within the same range. There are enormous social and economic consequences associated with these measures, despite the fact that effective capital restrictions and currency replacement (also known as "dollarization") are the conventional techniques for putting a stop to hyperinflation in the near term. However, the problem is frequently made worse by the execution of these measures that are ineffective. With the objective of bringing inflation down gradually while reducing the societal costs of subsequent economic shocks, many governments have made the decision to try to tackle structural concerns without resorting to such measures. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Hyperinflation Chapter 2: Inflation Chapter 3: Seigniorage Chapter 4: Hungarian forint Chapter 5: Iraqi dinar Chapter 6: Venezuelan bolvar Chapter 7: Austro-Hungarian krone Chapter 8: Steve Hanke Chapter 9: Chronic inflation Chapter 10: Invisible hand Chapter 11: Yugoslav dinar Chapter 12: Adam Smith Chapter 13: Redenomination Chapter 14: Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic Chapter 15: Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe Chapter 16: Banknotes of Zimbabwe Chapter 17: Zimbabwean dollar Chapter 18: Fiat money Chapter 19: Zimbabwean dollar (2019present) Chapter 20: Hyperinflation in Venezuela Chapter 21: Viernes Rojo (II) Answering the public top questions about hyperinflation. (III) Real world examples for the usage of hyperinflation in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of hyperinflation.

Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe
Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe

Author: Tara McIndoe-Calder

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-11-16

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 3030310159

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This book investigates the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in the 2000s. The authors present a full description of the Zimbabwean hyperinflation in its relevant economic, historical and political context. They address parallels with other hyperinflations, discuss the economics of hyperinflation in general and of the Zimbabwean hyperinflation in particular, and provide a money demand estimation using a new dataset. The study concludes with several policy lessons. This book will be of interest to researchers in both social sciences and the humanities, as well as practitioners and policy-makers in development economics, and those in the banking industry.

The Great Inflation
The Great Inflation

Author: Michael D. Bordo

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2013-06-28

Total Pages: 545

ISBN-13: 0226066959

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Controlling inflation is among the most important objectives of economic policy. By maintaining price stability, policy makers are able to reduce uncertainty, improve price-monitoring mechanisms, and facilitate more efficient planning and allocation of resources, thereby raising productivity. This volume focuses on understanding the causes of the Great Inflation of the 1970s and ’80s, which saw rising inflation in many nations, and which propelled interest rates across the developing world into the double digits. In the decades since, the immediate cause of the period’s rise in inflation has been the subject of considerable debate. Among the areas of contention are the role of monetary policy in driving inflation and the implications this had both for policy design and for evaluating the performance of those who set the policy. Here, contributors map monetary policy from the 1960s to the present, shedding light on the ways in which the lessons of the Great Inflation were absorbed and applied to today’s global and increasingly complex economic environment.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Economic Policy and Stabilization in Latin America
Economic Policy and Stabilization in Latin America

Author: Nader Nazmi

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2016-09-16

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1315286246

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A detailed analysis of economic policy in Latin America with particular attention devoted to the problem of controlling inflation and stabilization. Contents include an analysis of economic policies of the 1990s; country case studies of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Argentina, and Bolivia; a thorough review of competing paradigms; a comparison of monitarist and structuralist approaches to the problem; mathematical and statistical modeling.