Evaluation of ground tire rubber in asphalt concrete
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 58
ISBN-13:
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Recycled Tire Rubber in Asphalt Pavements
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Publisher: Transportation Research Board National Research
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 60
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEvaluation of Recycled Rubber in Asphalt Cement Concrete
Author: Edward Engle
Publisher:
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 82
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRoughly 242 million used tires are generated annually in the United States. Many of these tires end up being landfilled or stockpiled. The stockpiles are unsightly, unsanitary, and also collect water which creates the perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, some of which carry disease. In an effort to reduce the number of used tire stockpiles the federal government mandated the use of recycled rubber in federally funded, state implemented department of transportation (DOT) projects. This mandate required the use of recycled rubber in 5% of the asphalt cement concrete (ACC) tonnage used in federally funded projects in 1994, increasing that amount by 5% each year until 20% was reached, and remaining at 20% thereafter. The mandate was removed as part of the appropriations process in 1994, after the projects in this research had been completed. This report covers five separate projects that were constructed by the Iowa Department Of Transportation (DOT) in 1991 and 1992. These projects had all had some form of rubber incorporated into their construction and were evaluated for 5 years. The conclusion of the study is that the pavements with tire rubber added performed essentially the same as conventional ACC pavement. An exception was the use of rubber chips in a surface lift. This performed better at crack control and worse with friction values than conventional ACC. The cost of the pavement with rubber additive was significantly higher. As a result, the benefits do not outweigh the costs of using this recycled rubber process in pavements in Iowa.
Investigation and Evaluation of Ground Tire Rubber in Hot Mix Asphalt
Author: Roberts, Freddy L.
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 172
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKUsing Ground Tire Rubber in Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements
Author: Donna S. Harmelink
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 110
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDocuments the construction and performance of the research study which was initiated to address section 1038(d) of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The project selected to demonstrate the crumb rubber process was located on Platt Canyon (SH 75) from Bowles to C470 in the Denver metropolitan area. The project was a low volume roadway and quantities of crumb rubber introduced into the mix were minimal. This was to reduce risk in terms of premature failure and Colorado's limited experience with crumb rubber. Because of this limited experience, the "dry" process was selected. The project contained four different mix designs. A mix containing 1% [20 lb/ton (10 kg/Mg)] crumb rubber, a mix containing 1 lb/ton (0.5 kg/Mg), a mix containing 3 lb/ton (1.5 kg/Mg) and a mix which contained no rubber were placed on the project.
Evaluation of Recycled Rubber in Asphalt Concrete, Plymouth County
Author: Chris Anderson
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 31
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Iowa Department of Transportation is evaluating the use of ground recycled crumb rubber from discarded tires in asphalt rubber cement. There were four projects completed during 1991 and another one constructed in 1992. This project is located on IA 140 north of Kingsley in Plymouth County. The project contains one section with reacted asphalt rubber cement (ARC) used in both binder and surface courses, one with reacted ARC used in the surface course and a conventional binder course, and a conventional mix control section. The reacted rubber binder course was placed on October 17, 1991 and the reacted rubber surface course was placed on October 17, 18, and 19. Inclement weather caused a slight delay in placing or constructing the surface. There was a minor problem with shoving and cracking of the binder course. The construction went well otherwise. Information included in this report consists of test results, construction reports, and cost comparisons.
Uses of Recycled Rubber Tires in Highways
Author: Jon A. Epps
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 172
ISBN-13: 9780309053235
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis synthesis on the use of recycled rubber tires in highways will be of interest to administrators and policy-makers; pavement, materials, geotechnical, environmental, and traffic operations engineers; and research engineers involved with highway design and construction issues. Information is provided on the uses of rubber tires in asphalt paving materials as well as other uses, such as on fills and embankments, for erosion control and on railroad grade crossings. Specifically, information is included which identifies the agencies using or implementing applications for recycled rubber tires and defines the design parameters, technical and construction limitations, performance, costs, benefits, environmental limitations, specifications, and availability. This synthesis of information defines the use of recycled rubber tires in highways and is based on a review of nearly 500 references and on information recorded from state highway agency responses to a 1991 survey of practice. Updates are included for as much of the state practice information possible through 1993. The use of scrap tires for highway applications is dynamic with regard to policy and technical issues. Therefore, the reader should keep in mind that the information presented reflects the best available data at a particular time. The synthesis also identifies current research in the topic area, critical research needs, and legislative issues that affect application and use of recycled rubber tires.
A Laboratory Evaluation of Recycled Tire Rubber in Hot-Mix Asphalt Paving Systems
Author: KR. Hansen
Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 15
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis report digests individual studies by separate researchers which compared and evaluated: (1) the physical properties and aging characteristics of the asphalt-rubber and asphalt cement binders; (2) Hveem and Marshall mix design methods, and permanent deformation, low temperature cracking and fatigue characteristics for dense graded asphalt-rubber concrete (ARC) and asphalt concrete mixes; and (3) open-graded asphalt-rubber concrete friction courses.
Evaluation of Recycled Rubber in Asphalt Concrete
Author: Chris Anderson
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 62
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDiscarded tires present major disposal and environmental problems. The recycling of those tires in asphalt cement concrete is what this research deals with. The Iowa DOT and the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) are evaluating the use of discarded tires in asphalt rubber cement and rubber chip mixes. The project is located on US 61 between Blue Grass and Muscatine in Muscatine County. It contains four rubberized asphalt sections and control sections. One section consists of reacted rubber asphalt cement used in both the binder and surface courses, and one section, both lanes, contains a rubber chip mix. The reacted rubber asphalt and the rubber chip mixes were laid in July 1991. The project construction went well with a few problems of shoving and cracking of the mat. This report contains information about procedures and tests that were run and those that will be run. It also has a cost comparison since this is a major concern with the use of asphalt rubber. Evaluation of this project will continue for five years. Three more research projects containing rubberized asphalt were constructed in 1991 and another is to be constructed in 1992.
Characterization and Implementation of Ground Tire Rubber as Post-consumer Polymers for Asphalt Concrete
Author: Gaylon L. Baumgardner
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 284
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAsphalt binder modification is a common method of improving Hot-mix Asphalt (HMA) performance by enhancing mix properties and reducing or delaying three general HMA distress types: deformation (rutting and shoving), cracking (from repeated loads and low temperatures) and general deterioration (raveling and stripping). Since the early 1960’s, a common modified asphalt alternative has employed reclaimed rubber as an economical and environmental friendly method of recycling waste tires while improving asphalt physical and mechanical properties. Pavement network deterioration combined with increasing material costs makes polymer modification of asphalt binder desirable, with reclaimed rubber from waste tires being an attractive alternative which addresses performance, economics and environmental issues. The primary objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate the importance of proper processing of all types of modified bituminous binders, whether they be virgin (e.g. styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)), post-consumer polymers (e.g. ground tire rubber (GTR)) or a combination (GTR plus SBS). To achieve this four secondary objectives were identified: 1) characterize GTR using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), 2) improve processing of GTR modified binders, 3) improve testing and specifications of GTR modified binders and 4) evaluate mixes containing GTR modified binders. A simple efficient instrumental, TGA, method to analyze polymers in binary rubber compounds was developed to quantify the functional polymer content available in GTR. TGA analysis provides a better understanding of the general chemical characteristics of GTR used in modification of asphalt binders for production of asphalt paving mixtures. Results are presented from efforts to optimize GTR modified binder formulations with respect to how GTR loading, GTR particle size, processing temperature and asphalt cement source affect modified binder properties and ability to meet performance graded binder specifications. These results are the basis to establish recommended processing parameters for formulation and preparation of GTR modified asphalt binders. GTR modified binders were used in: dense graded asphalt (DGA), stone matrix asphalt (SMA) and open graded friction courses (OGFC) and compared to conventional asphalt cement and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binders. Mixture performance evaluation with respect to binder effectiveness as it relates to the three general HMA distress types.
