Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative (Vol. 1-3)
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative (Vol. 1-3)

Author: Herbert Spencer

Publisher: e-artnow

Published: 2020-10-27

Total Pages: 1257

ISBN-13:

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This 3-volume book features a comprehensive collection of most significant scientific, political and speculative essays by Herbert Spencer. The first volume is made up of essays in which the idea of evolution, general or special is dominant. In the second volume essays dealing with philosophical questions, with abstract and concrete science, and with aesthetics, are brought together; but though all of them are tacitly evolutionary, their evolutionism is an incidental rather than a necessary trait. The ethical, political, and social essays composing the third volume, though mostly written from the evolution point of view, have for their more immediate purposes the enunciation of doctrines which are directly practical in their bearings._x000D_ Volume 1:_x000D_ The Development Hypothesis_x000D_ Progress: Its Law and Cause_x000D_ Transcendental Physiology_x000D_ The Nebular Hypothesis_x000D_ Illogical Geology_x000D_ Bain on the Emotions and the Will_x000D_ The Social Organism_x000D_ The Origin of Animal Worship_x000D_ Morals and Moral Sentiments_x000D_ The Comparative Psychology of Man_x000D_ Mr. Martineau on Evolution_x000D_ The Factors of Organic Evolution_x000D_ Volume 2:_x000D_ The Genesis of Science_x000D_ The Classification of the Sciences_x000D_ Reasons for Dissenting From the Philosophy of M. Comte_x000D_ On Laws in General, and the Order of Their Discovery_x000D_ The Valuation of Evidence_x000D_ What is Electricity?_x000D_ Mill versus Hamilton – The Test of Truth_x000D_ Replies to Criticisms_x000D_ Prof. Green's Explanations_x000D_ The Philosophy of Style_x000D_ Use and Beauty_x000D_ The Sources of Architectural Types_x000D_ Gracefulness_x000D_ Personal Beauty_x000D_ The Origin and Function of Music_x000D_ The Physiology of Laughter_x000D_ Volume 3:_x000D_ Manners and Fashion_x000D_ Railway Morals and Railway Policy_x000D_ The Morals of Trade_x000D_ Prison-ethics_x000D_ The Ethics of Kant_x000D_ Absolute Political Ethics_x000D_ Over-legislation_x000D_ Representative Government – What is It Good for?_x000D_ State-tamperings With Money and Banks_x000D_ Parliamentary Reform: the Dangers and the Safeguards_x000D_ "The Collective Wisdom"_x000D_ Political Fetichism_x000D_ Specialized Administration_x000D_ From Freedom to Bondage_x000D_ The Americans

Essays
Essays

Author: Herbert Spencer

Publisher:

Published: 1891

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 9780415122115

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Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors
Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors

Author: Sabine Maasen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2001-11-30

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 9781402002519

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not lie in the conceptual distinctions but in the perceived functions of metaphors and whether in the concrete case they are judged positive or negative. The ongoing debates reflect these concerns quite clearly~ namely that metaphors are judged on the basis of supposed dangers they pose and opportunities they offer. These are the criteria of evaluation that are obviously dependent on the context in which the transfer of meaning occurs. Our fundamental concern is indeed the transfer itself~ its prospects and its limits. Looking at possible functions of metaphors is one approach to under standing and elucidating sentiments about them. The papers in this volume illustrate, by quite different examples, three basic functions of metaphors: illustrative, heuristic~ and constitutive. These functions rep resent different degrees of transfer of meaning. Metaphors are illustrative when they are used primarily as a literary device, to increase the power of conviction of an argument, for example. Although the difference between the illustrative and the heuristic function of metaphors is not great, it does exist: metaphors are used for heuristic purposes whenever "differences" of meaning are employed to open new perspectives and to gain new insights. In the case of "constitutive" metaphors they function to actually replace previous meanings by new ones. Sabine Maasen in her paper introduces the distinction between transfer and transforma tion.