The ERiK-Methodological Report II is the second methodological report in the study 'Entwicklung von Rahmenbedingungen in der Kindertagesbetreuung - indikatorengestützte Qualitätsbeobachtung (ERiK)'. The report introduces the implementation of the sample and survey designs, evaluates the data quality and introduces the datasets of the ERiK-Surveys 2020. Together with the ERiK-Methodological Report I, it contains all background information on the ERiK-Surveys 2020.
The ERiK-Methodological Report III is the third in a series of methodological reports related to the 'Entwicklung von Rahmenbedingungen in der Kindertagesbetreuung -indikatorengestützte Qualitätsbeobachtung (ERiK)' study. The report focuses on the conception, sample selection, and survey designs of the ERiK-Surveys 2022. Together with the ERiK-Methodological Report I and II, that cover the ERiK Surveys 2020, it provides comprehensive background information on the ERiK-Surveys conducted in 2022 and describes their progression until December 31, 2021. The subsequent steps, such as implementing the ERiK-Surveys 2022, will be described in a later report.
The ERiK Methodological Report I provides information on the methodological concepts of seven ERiK-Surveys on the quality of child day-care in Germany. These surveys include the five ERiK-Surveys 2020 and the parent survey, which was implemented in 2019 as part of the KiBS project, as well as the survey of children in day-care, set to be conducted in 2022. This method report introduces the seven distinct target populations of these surveys: youth welfare offices, family day-care workers, providers of childcare, directors of day-care centres, pedagogical staff in these centres, parents and children aged 4 to 6 attending day-care centres. Sampling frames for these target populations and their coverage in relation to the population are discussed. In addition, the sampling designs for the different target populations are introduced. The ERiK-Surveys 2020 of youth welfare offices and providers of childcare were complete population surveys. Stratified random samples (for directors) and stratified two-stage cluster samples were developed for the populations to which direct access was not possible (pedagogical staff and family day-care workers). Furthermore, the fieldwork results and response rate are included for the parents survey as part of the long-running DJI project KiBS, which included ERiK-specific questions for the first time in 2019. The ERiK-Surveys at the German Youth Institute (DJI) provide the basis for the introduction of a new monitoring system for early childhood education and care in Germany. The monitoring of the development of framework conditions in the day care system (in German: Entwicklung von Rahmenbedingungen in der Kindertagesbetreuung (ERiK)) is anchored in the "Act on the Further Development of Quality and the Improvement of Participation in Day-Care Facilities and in Child Day-Care (KiQuTG)".
This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the Sixth International Symposium on Methodol- ogies for Intelligent Systems held in Charlotte, North Carolina, in October 1991. The symposium was hosted by UNC-Charlotte and sponsored by IBM-Charlotte, ORNL/CESAR and UNC-Charlotte. The papers discuss topics in the following major areas: - Approximate reasoning, - Expert systems, - Intelligent databases, - Knowledge representation, - Learning and adaptive systems, - Logic for artificial intelligence. The goal of the symposium was to provide a platform for a useful exchange and cross-fertilization of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners in these areas.
Since 2010, a significant quantity of international climate change finance has begun to reach developing countries. However, the transfer of finance under the international climate change regime – the legal and ethical obligations that underpin it, the constraints on its use, its intended outcomes, and its successes, failures, and future potential – constitutes a poorly understood topic. Climate Change Finance and International Law fills this gap in the legal scholarship. The book analyses the legal obligations of developed countries to financially support qualifying developing countries to pursue globally significant mitigation and adaptation outcomes, as well as the obligations of the latter under the international regime of financial support. Through case studies of climate finance mechanisms and a multitude of other sources, this book delivers a rich legal and empirical understanding of the implementation of states’ climate finance obligations to date. The book will be of interest to scholars and students of international law and policy, international relations, and the maturing field of climate change law.
Drawing together international experts on research methods in International Relations (IR), this Handbook answers the complex practical questions for those approaching a new research topic for the first time. Innovative in its approach, it considers the art of IR research as well as the science, offering diverse perspectives on current research methods and emerging developments in the field.
This edited three volume edition brings together significant papers previously published in the Journal of information Technology (JIT) over its 30 year publication history. The three volumes of Enacting Research Methods in Information Systems celebrate the methodological pluralism used to advance our understanding of information technology's role in the world today. In addition to quantitative methods from the positivist tradition, JIT also values methodological articles from critical research perspectives, interpretive traditions, historical perspectives, grounded theory, and action research and design science approaches. Volume 1 covers Critical Research, Grounded Theory, and Historical Approaches. Volume 2 deals with Interpretive Approaches and also explores Action Research. Volume 3 focuses on Design Science Approaches and discusses Alternative Approaches including Semiotics Research, Complexity Theory and Gender in IS Research. The Journal of Information Technology (JIT) was started in 1986 by Professors Frank Land and Igor Aleksander with the aim of bringing technology and management together and bridging the ‘great divide’ between the two disciplines. The Journal was created with the vision of making the impact of complex interactions and developments in technology more accessible to a wider audience. Retaining this initial focus, the JIT has gone on to extend into new and innovative areas of research such as the launch of JITTC in 2010. A high impact journal, JIT shall continue to publish leading trends based on significant research in the field.
Surveys are the principal source of data not only for social science, but for consumer research, political polling, and federal statistics. In response to social and technological trends, rates of survey nonresponse have risen markedly in recent years, prompting observers to worry about the continued validity of surveys as a tool for data gathering. Newspaper stories, magazine articles, radio programs, television broadcasts, and Internet blogs are filled with data derived from surveys of one sort or another. Reputable media outlets generally indicate whether a survey is representative, but much of the data routinely bandied about in the media and on the Internet are not based on representative samples and are of dubious use in making accurate statements about the populations they purport to represent. Surveys are social interactions, and like all interactions between people, they are embedded within social structures and guided by shared cultural understandings. This issue of The ANNALS examines the difficulties with finding willing respondents to these surveys and how the changing structure of society, whether it be the changing family structure, mass immigration, rising inequality, or the rise of technology, has presented new issues to conducting surveys. This volume will be of interest to faculty and students who specialize in sociological movements as well as economic and immigration movements and its effect on surveying.
MCC Centre for Next Technological Futures Studies on Innovation, Technologies and Regions, Volume 1 As cyberpunk writer William Gibson famously said, “The future is already here—it’s just not evenly distributed.” This ironic statement is particularly relevant when we look at the map of innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems in Europe, where we can easily see deep regional imbalances. But while the future of technology is nearly impossible to predict, it could be discovered by those companies—the startups whose basic working method is trial and error. In addition, the current deafening hype around artificial intelligence is also reigniting the debate about robots and their impact on our economy and society. And these are the main reasons this book is about startups and robots. The studies conducted at the Centre for Next Technological Futures, Mathias Corvinus Collegium, Budapest, raise questions such as: How does geographic proximity to venture capital affect startups at different stages of development? While startups in Europe are concentrated in a handful of large cities, what opportunities do smaller cities have that specialise in Industry 4.0? What factors influence the use of industrial robots in different European countries, and how does the story of industrial robots differ from the emerging new story of robots in the service sector? Incubators and accelerators can increase the chances of survival of startups, but are those institutions that only chase a quick return on investment really the most successful? CONTRIBUTORS: Borbála Brosig Zoltán Cséfalvay Csaba Kristóf Johanyák Viktor Lázár Csikó Bálint Pálfai Orsolya Székely Zoltán Szombathy Máté Ujvárosi
