Environmental outcomes in agriculture: the effects of environment-related provisions in regional trade agreements
Environmental outcomes in agriculture: the effects of environment-related provisions in regional trade agreements

Author: Brandi, C.

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2024-02-23

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9251385858

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The agriculture sector is both a contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is affected by trade policies. As more and more regional trade agreements (RTAs) include environment-related provisions (ERPs), this technical note explores whether agriculture-related ERPs in RTAs are associated with reduced GHG emissions from agriculture. The research applies a novel dataset on ERPs related to the agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors (Ag-ERPs) to analyse this relationship in a panel of 195 countries and territories in RTAs notified to the World Trade Organization from 1995 to 2019. The findings show that there is indeed a significant reduction in agriculture-related GHG emissions in countries that enter into RTAs with more Ag-ERPs with their relevant trading partners in agricultural products. A mediation analysis reveals that this association is partly driven by stricter domestic environmental regulation, and partly by a reduction in agricultural land use. However, a large part of the overall association between RTAs with more Ag-ERPs and the reduction in agriculture-related emissions is still unexplained by these two channels. This suggests that lower GHG emission production methods are implemented at given levels of domestic environmental regulation and agricultural land use in countries with more Ag-ERPs in their relevant RTAs.

Author:

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published:

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9251390940

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Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement
Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

Author: Gene M. Grossman

Publisher:

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13:

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In general, a reduction in trade barriers will affect the environment by expanding the scale of economic activity, by altering the composition of economic activity and by initiating a change in the techniques of production. We present empirical evidence to assess the relative magnitudes of these three effects as they apply to further trade liberalization in Mexico. We first use comparable measures of three air pollutants in a cross-section of urban areas located in 42 countries to study the relationship between air quality and economic growth. We find for two pollutants (sulphur dioxide and 'smoke') that concentrations increase with per capita GDP at low levels of national income, but decrease with GDP growth at higher levels of income. We then study the determinants of the industry pattern of US imports from Mexico and of value added by Mexico's maquiladora sector. We investigate whether the size of pollution abatement costs in US industry influences the pattern of international trade and investment. Finally, we use the results from a computable general equilibrium model to study the likely compositional effect of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on pollution in Mexico.

International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2018-09-03

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13: 9251091870

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The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.

Environment and Trade
Environment and Trade

Author: International Institute for Sustainable Development

Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 1895536219

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Reference tool to facilitate broader understanding and awareness of relationship between environment and trade which can then become the basis on which fair and environmentally sustainable policies and trade flows are built.

Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements
Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements

Author: Aaditya Mattoo

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2020-09-23

Total Pages: 768

ISBN-13: 1464815542

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Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).

Africa agriculture trade monitor 2023
Africa agriculture trade monitor 2023

Author: Odjo, Sunday P.

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2023-09-18

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13:

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The 2023 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, a flagship publication of AKADEMIYA2063 and the International Food Policy Research Institute, provides an overview of trade in agriculture in Africa, including analysis of short- and long-term trends and drivers behind Africa’s global trade, intra-African trade, and trade within Africa’s regional economic communities. The 2023 report highlights the growing treat of climate change to trade; looks closely at the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on food security and poverty; draws on the report’s robust trade database to analyze African agrifood trade and nutrition; examines the types of trade agreements that successfully boost trade, and the implications for the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement; and includes focused chapters on the competitiveness of cotton value chains in Africa and world trade and on trade integration in Economic Community of Central African States.

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Environmental Policies Evidence from a Decade of OECD Research
Assessing the Economic Impacts of Environmental Policies Evidence from a Decade of OECD Research

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2021-05-17

Total Pages: 125

ISBN-13: 926436711X

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Over the past decades, governments have gradually adopted more rigorous environmental policies to tackle challenges associated with pressing environmental issues, such as climate change. The ambition of these policies is, however, often tempered by their perceived negative effects on the economy.