The Enigma code machine was used extensively by German armed forces in WWII. To counter its use, the British developed a massive codebreaking project which successfully captured and decoded huge numbers of German messages. This effort was so secret that information about the Enigma and the codebreaking did not reach the public until the 1970’s. Since then the general interest in the Enigma and the codebreaking has steadily increased. This book concisely discusses the Enigma design and use and shows functional data flows through the system. Some discussion of British codebreaking is included. To develop his own understanding , the author wrote a computer simulator of the Enigma and the source code is included in the book.
Florida Book Awards Silver Medal Winner: New answers to one of the greatest mysteries of the twentieth century. What really happened to Amelia Earhart? Since Earhart and her navigator disappeared during their around-the-world flight attempt in 1937, the world has searched in vain for an answer to this question. The culmination of thirteen years of research into this tantalizing mystery, The Earhart Enigma brings to life Earhart’s final days in an attempt to reconstruct what exactly took place. Offering candid assessments of prevailing theories about Earhart’s fate, Dave Horner marshals evidence from a variety of sources, proving that Earhart was neither lost at sea nor wrecked on Nikumaroro, where many search expeditions have failed to deliver concrete results. Integrating information garnered from numerous interviews, Pacific Islander folklore, and US and Japanese military documents, Horner argues instead that Earhart ventured north of her intended destination in search of a place to land her Lockheed Electra. Blending drama, mystery, and shocking revelations with the steady balance of an objective investigator, Horner’s findings provide a definitive answer to this fascinating riddle, based on firsthand accounts from Marshall Islanders and other powerful evidence.
How did ULTRA shape the course of the war? At times, it played a major role in the turning of battle, at other times did not, at still others was fatally misused, and at still others was beneficial but not necessary to bring about victory in any case. Unfortunately, good intelligence is often badly used by its masters. ULTRA was no different. Did ULTRA win the war? No, men and tanks and bombs and airplanes did. Did ULTRA shorten the war? Given the extent to it which it provided foreknowledge, once the balance of military forces was relatively close the answer must be yes. Did ULTRA prevent an earlier end to the war either by creating such confidence that avoidable mistakes were made in the rush for glory, or by preventing acceptance of an outcome short of unconditional surrender, or by causing the Allies to discount internal German opposition and a possible suicide attempt on Hitler? No, for its benefits outweighed its negative. Does the glory of the victory become tainted in light of ULTRA? Yes, for not only does it reveal the extent to which our commanders knew in advance of German battle strengths and location, thus giving them a decided advantage, it also points out several egregious errors on their part despite possession of ULTRA. Can intelligence be counted on to provide us victory in future conflicts. No. ULTRA use and implementation was clearly deficient for two to three years, and came about only with the help of Polish and French contributions which we cannot count on in the future. As Welchman points out, that may well mean suicide in a world where computers and ICBM's reduce the drag time to seconds from years. What role did ULTRA play? To quote one of the examiners: "Ultra was a war winner" even if not "the war winner."
A fascinating, comprehensive, accessible account of conodont fossils—one of paleontology’s greatest mysteries: “Deserves to be widely read and enjoyed” (Priscum). Stephen Jay Gould borrowed from Winston Churchill when he described the eel-like conodont animal as a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. The search for its identity confounded scientists for more than a century. Some thought it a slug, others a fish, a worm, a plant, even a primitive ancestor of ourselves. As the list of possibilities grew, an answer to the riddle never seemed any nearer. Would the animal that left behind the miniscule fossils known as conodonts ever be identified? Three times the creature was found, but each was quite different from the others. Were any of them really the one? Simon J. Knell takes the reader on a journey through 150 years of scientific thinking, imagining, and arguing. Slowly the animal begins to reveal traces of itself: its lifestyle, its remarkable evolution, its witnessing of great catastrophes, its movements over the surface of the planet, and finally its anatomy. Today the conodont animal remains perhaps the most disputed creature in the zoological world.
xn + yn = zn, where n represents 3, 4, 5, ...no solution "I have discovered a truly marvelous demonstration of this proposition which this margin is too narrow to contain." With these words, the seventeenth-century French mathematician Pierre de Fermat threw down the gauntlet to future generations. What came to be known as Fermat's Last Theorem looked simple; proving it, however, became the Holy Grail of mathematics, baffling its finest minds for more than 350 years. In Fermat's Enigma--based on the author's award-winning documentary film, which aired on PBS's "Nova"--Simon Singh tells the astonishingly entertaining story of the pursuit of that grail, and the lives that were devoted to, sacrificed for, and saved by it. Here is a mesmerizing tale of heartbreak and mastery that will forever change your feelings about mathematics.
The story of the breaking of the German Enigma Codes during World War II. Seeks to explore in depth the impact of Enigma on both sides during the course of the war.
People often complain that in history lessons at school they were taught just a few topics--the Romans, the Tudors, the Nazis--and how they have no idea at all about what happened in between. To remedy this, World History: 50 Things You Really Need to Know offers brief and stimulating outlines of key developments in the history of the world, from the beginning of agriculture 10,000 years ago to the attack on the Twin Towers on 9/11. Each essay is accompanied by a detailed timeline of dates and events, and the flavor of the period concerned is brought to life by selected contemporary quotations from figures as diverse as Aristotle, Ashoka, Saladin, Christopher Columbus, Martin Luther, Suleiman the Magnificent, Galileo, Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Mary Wollstonecraft, Napoleon, Lincoln, Lenin and Winston Churchill. In addition, box features throw light on a range of related topics, from the Nazca Lines to Renaissance man, from Confucianism and the state to Alexander the Great's horse, from Islamic science and the Barbary corsairs to the Enigma code and the atomic bomb.
For most of the earths existence it has hosted organic life. Single cell life evolved into multicellular plants and animals. Some animals started to use simple toolsfrom otters cracking open shellfish with rocks to chimpanzees dipping into termite mounds with sticksbut another animal went farther. It used tools to create even better tools. With spears it hunted. With sewn animal hides it survived the cold. With plows it created surplus. With tablet and scribes it recorded information. These tools led to the printing press, microscope, steam engine, telephone, airplane, and computer. We call these things technology, and for a million years they have been transforming our environmentwith ever increasing speed and power, costs and benefits. Technology creates new fields of study, destroys old lines of work, and offers new ways to cure illness. Our political decisions and consumption choices rest atop technology.So how do we choose? How do we evaluate technology and technological issues to choose what is good for us, our community, and our civilization? Through simple questions, Technology Challenged reveals patterns underlying all technology, helping us to understand our creations and choose our future.Praise for Technology Challenged:Fish don't notice water and most of society doesn't think about technology. But technology grows ever more powerful, and blindly accepting or rejecting it grows ever more dangerous. The critical thinking process described by Aznar opens a door to understanding through which every citizen in our country should walk.Karl PisterChancellor EmeritusUniversity of California at Santa Cruz Technology infuses everything we do. Like a gathering storm, it has become the fastest moving, most powerful new element of our natural world. Like any force of nature, it is something we should study well, to chart a course to a better future, a course that takes care of our loved ones along the way. Only a lifelong learner can be a good captain in our technological world, and this scintillating, optimistic book will help you get your sea legs. Read Technology Challenged, consider its advice, and rejoice. This is a wondrous time to be alive.John SmartPresidentInstitute for the Study of Accelerating Change Technology Challenged is a passionate and personal voyage of discovery into today's complicated world of technology. Here educators and parents can find a simple road map to understanding technology and find a new approach to get across technologys culture and wisdom to children of all ages.Dom LindarsSenior DirectorOracle Corporation Having tracked technology on surprising pathways to its secret dumping grounds in the slums of China and India, I have witnessed both sides of the technology coin the glory as well as the horror. Our very survival as a species requires that we fully appreciate both possibilities. Anyone concerned about the life and death relationship between our planet's future and technology, should read Technology Challenged.Jim PuckettCoordinatorBasel Action Network Aznar tackles the important issue of how we, as a society, evaluate our technology. With the power to feed the world or to destroy it, technology is worth thinking about.Cathy BarlowDean, Watson School of EducationUniversity of North Carolina at Wilmington
"Artificial intelligence promises to make our lives easier and better. Learn about the accelerated pace of technology as things that were once science fiction become science fact"--
A Laboratory Course in C++ Data Structures, Second Edition assumes that students are familiar with the following C++ constructs; built-in simple data types, stream I/O as provided in , stream I/O as provided in , control structures while, do-while, for, if, and switch, user-defined functions with value and reference parameters, and built-in array types. bull; bull;CS2/C102 with C++ bull;Data Structures with C++
