This study seeks to examine the implications of student employment for the studies, the entry into the labour market, and social inequalities in higher education. The main argument is that both the quantity and quality of work alongside studies can affect relevant academic and labour market outcomes. On the one hand, high amounts of work may prolong the studies and decrease academic achievement. Side-jobs during studies may also distract away students from continuing on in education. On the other hand, jobs of better quality—such that provide experience and skills that are important for the future career—may enhance the transition from education to work. Most important, student employment may generate inequalities in the higher education system if the advantages and disadvantages of working are unequally shared among social groups. The study investigates these issues by using rich longitudinal data on the education and employment history of Bachelor’s students in Germany, by looking at various facets of students’ jobs, and by applying methods that aim at proving causality.
A decade after the Bologna Declaration has called for the establishment of a cycle system of study programmes and degrees all over Europe the changes actually having occurred in this reform process can be measured and assessed. To what extent did the bachelor students gained international experiences during or after their study program? What is the proportion of bachelor degree holders who are employed about one year after graduation? What are the labor market experiences of those bachelor graduates who started to work? Was it difficult to gain relevant employment? What are the employment conditions for bachelor graduates in terms of income, position, working time, unlimited term contracts compared to traditional graduates? To what extent are bachelor graduates working in areas with close relation to their field of study (horizontal match)? Is their level of education needed for their work tasks (vertical match)? These are the key questions which will be answered in this volume based on surveys of graduates from institutions of higher education recently undertaken in ten European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, and United Kingdom). The bachelor-master-structure actually implemented varies substantially between the countries and also the consequences of these reforms differ strikingly. In some countries, more students spend a period of study abroad than the goal set for the year 2020 in the Bologna Process; in other countries, not yet a quarter of the expected rate is achieved. Also the frequency of bachelor graduates differs by country who opt for further study, transfer to employment or are both employed and students. The comparative study also provides a wealth of information about the employment and work situation of bachelor graduates as compared to other graduates from institutions of higher education. The book provides relevant information for students and teaching staff at institutions of higher education, employers and politicians and administrative staff dealing with higher education issues.
Clear your doubts about Business Intelligence and start your new journey KEY FEATURES ● Includes successful methods and innovative ideas to achieve success with BI. ● Vendor-neutral, unbiased, and based on experience. ● Highlights practical challenges in BI journeys. ● Covers financial aspects along with technical aspects. ● Showcases multiple BI organization models and the structure of BI teams. DESCRIPTION The book demystifies misconceptions and misinformation about BI. It provides clarity to almost everything related to BI in a simplified and unbiased way. It covers topics right from the definition of BI, terms used in the BI definition, coinage of BI, details of the different main uses of BI, processes that support the main uses, side benefits, and the level of importance of BI, various types of BI based on various parameters, main phases in the BI journey and the challenges faced in each of the phases in the BI journey. It clarifies myths about self-service BI and real-time BI. The book covers the structure of a typical internal BI team, BI organizational models, and the main roles in BI. It also clarifies the doubts around roles in BI. It explores the different components that add to the cost of BI and explains how to calculate the total cost of the ownership of BI and ROI for BI. It covers several ideas, including unconventional ideas to achieve BI success and also learn about IBI. It explains the different types of BI architectures, commonly used technologies, tools, and concepts in BI and provides clarity about the boundary of BI w.r.t technologies, tools, and concepts. The book helps you lay a very strong foundation and provides the right perspective about BI. It enables you to start or restart your journey with BI. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Builds a strong conceptual foundation in BI. ● Gives the right perspective and clarity on BI uses, challenges, and architectures. ● Enables you to make the right decisions on the BI structure, organization model, and budget. ● Explains which type of BI solution is required for your business. ● Applies successful BI ideas. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is a must-read for business managers, BI aspirants, CxOs, and all those who want to drive the business value with data-driven insights. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What is Business Intelligence? 2. Why do Businesses need BI? 3. Types of Business Intelligence 4. Challenges in Business Intelligence 5. Roles in Business Intelligence 6. Financials of Business Intelligence 7. Ideas for Success with BI 8. Introduction to IBI 9. BI Architectures 10. Demystify Tech, Tools, and Concepts in BI
This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field.
This book reveals how to provide the leaders of tomorrow with the right education for a management career Made in Germany. It explains how private universities in Germany are helping to maintain the country’s respected educational standards, while also enriching them with exemplary services for international students. The book is intended as a practical guide, addressing any concerns students may have when considering studying at a private German university: admissions, visa, teaching quality and formats, tuition, degrees, subjects, housing, food, security, industry connections, and international job placement and leadership. It provides concrete strategies on how students can unlock their personal earning potential and how to find a top job at a national or multinational company. The authors demonstrate that a German university degree will generate rapid return on investment. Real-life success stories show how a degree from a private German university can pave the way for international professional success.
Brandenburg’s economy is undergoing structural change, which opens exciting new prospects for highly skilled workers. The state has intensified efforts to diversify the economy towards cleaner and more knowledge-intensive industries, including the development of advanced manufacturing, spill-over effects from the start-up scene in Berlin, fostering entrepreneurial activities at its own higher education institutions, promoting innovative places for working and living, and phasing out of coal production in favour of next-generation technologies.
This six-volume handbook covers the latest practice in technical and vocational education and training (TVET). It presents TVET models from all over the world, reflections on the best and most innovative practice, and dozens of telling case studies. The handbook presents the work of established as well as the most promising young researchers and features unrivalled coverage of developments in research, policy and practice in TVET.
Has European economic and market integration curtailed the autonomy of national industrial relations actors and institutions? Or has it reinforced their roles in securing much-needed economic adjustment? This important book offers a deeply-informed comparative perspective on these questions, drawing on empirical research on changing conditions within and beyond the EU. The book builds on papers presented at the 8th European Regional Congress of the International Industrial Relations Association, held in the UK in September 2007. The authors are leading academic authorities from Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. With detailed attention to such pervasive factors as the consequences of EU enlargement, the shift from manufacturing to services, changes in the gender composition and demographic profile of the labour force, and the growing influence of multinational companies, the authors address such issues as the following: * response of national employment regulatory traditions to globalization, privatization, outsourcing and budgetary pressures; emergence of new forms of competitive advantage for both employers and employees; impact of EU-mandated information and consultation mechanisms; possibility of international union action and transnational solidarity; 'flexicurity' and the changing demographics of the labour force; gender democracy in trade unions; trade union mergers; statutory minimum conditions as an alternative to collective bargaining; regulation or culture change to promote equality; treatment of posted and migrant workers within increasingly transnational labour markets; growth in variable pay systems; and possible rebirth of vocational training systems and apprenticeships. Offering in-depth comparative insights into the way in which national and international systems of employment relations are evolving rapidly in the face of cross-cutting pressures for change, this book illuminates a vastly complex state of affairs. In practical terms, its many insights into how current trends affect specific working conditions open the way to new initiatives in developing and maintaining a just and equitable employment relations regime for Europe and beyond.
This study examines the transformation of the structural characteristics and ideological assumptions of university study in these three countries between the mid-1950s and the early 1990s.
