Electromagnetic Modelling of the Human Body Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electric Field
Author: Silvestar Sesnic
Publisher:
Published:
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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Modelling the Human Body Exposure to ELF Electric Fields
Author: Cristina Peratta
Publisher: WIT Press
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 161
ISBN-13: 1845644182
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe objective of this book is to describe techniques to investigate the behaviour of electric fields and induced currents in the human body exposed to different scenarios of extremely low frequency (ELF) high voltage - low current electromagnetic fields by means of numerical modelling with improved Boundary Element Methods (BEM).A variety of three dimensional anatomically shaped human body models under different exposure conditions are presented and solved.The mathematical formulation for the case of human exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields departing from Maxwell equations and for the electrical properties of biological tissue is provided.The underpinning ideas of the Boundary Element Method applied to ELF fields in the human body are presented.A literature survey including electrical properties of tissues relevant to low frequency calculations has been compiled and included in one chapter.A novel improved BEM approach is introduced in order to solve this type of problems leading to more accurate results and more efficient calculations.The developed methodology is applied to three different case studies: i- overhead power transmission lines, ii- power substation rooms, and iii- pregnant woman including foetus and evolving scenarios.In all the cases, a sensitivity analysis investigating the influence of varying geometrical and electrical properties of the tissues has been conducted.The results obtained allow to identify situations of high and low exposure in the different parts of the body and to compare with existing exposure guidelines.
Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Author: Patrick Staebler
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2017-05-12
Total Pages: 371
ISBN-13: 1119384524
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEveryone, whether they like it or not, is exposed to electromagnetic fields, most of the time, at very low levels. In this case, they are inconsequential, but they can cause adverse health effects when they become intense enough. This topic is complex and sensitive. Covering frequencies from 0 Hz to 300 GHz, Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields provides an overview of this vast topic. After a reminder of the concepts of electromagnetic fields, the author presents some examples of sources of radiation in daily life and in the industrial or medical sectors. The biophysical and biological effects of these fields on the human body are detailed and the exposure limits are recalled. The exposure assessment and the implementation of the appropriate regulation within companies are also covered. Technically and practically, this book is aimed at people with a scientific background, risk prevention actors, health physicians, especially occupational doctors, and equipment designers.
Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation
Author: Riadh W.Y. Habash
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2018-10-08
Total Pages: 428
ISBN-13: 1351830279
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis reference explores the sources, characteristics, bioeffects, and health hazards of extremely low-frequency (ELF) fields and radio frequency radiation (RFR), analyzing current research as well as the latest epidemiological studies to assess potential risks associated with exposure and to develop effective safety guidelines. Compiles reports and investigations from four decades of study on the effect of nonionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation on human health Summarizing modern engineering approaches to control exposure, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation discusses: EM interaction mechanisms in biological systems Explorations into the impact of EM fields on free radicals, cells, tissues, organs, whole organisms, and the population Regulatory standards in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Pacific Evaluation of incident fields from various EM sources Measurement surveys for various sites including power lines, substations, mobile systems, cellular base stations, broadcast antennas, traffic radar devices, heating equipment, and other sources Dosimetry techniques for the determination of internal EM fields Conclusions reached by the Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, and other institutions
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Author: James C. Lin
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2016-04-19
Total Pages: 460
ISBN-13: 1000218694
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSpanning static fields to terahertz waves, this volume explores the range of consequences electromagnetic fields have on the human body. Topics discussed include essential interactions and field coupling phenomena; electric field interactions in cells, focusing on ultrashort, pulsed high-intensity fields; dosimetry or coupling of ELF fields into biological systems; and the historical developments and recent trends in numerical dosimetry. It also discusses mobile communication devices and the dosimetry of RF radiation into the human body, exposure and dosimetry associated with MRI and spectroscopy, and available data on the interaction of terahertz radiation with biological tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules.
Exposure of Human Cells to Electromagnetic Fields
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1998
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe objective of this research-was to find how exposure to extremely low frequency (elf) electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) affects human cells. It was previously postulated that EMFs initiate a transduction cascade at the cell membrane. If this is the case, then within minutes, a sequence of events, including early gene activation, could set up the initial steps leading to proliferation. A series of experiments were set up to determine the validity of this model by measuring specific proteins or protein groups. The results showed that some proteins are increased following exposure to a 60 Hz EMF for periods from 45 to 120 minutes. Other proteins, however, are either decreased or unaffected by the presence of the field.
Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Author: Dragan Poljak
Publisher: Witpress
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 210
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe field of computational bioelectromagnetics has grown rapidly in the last decades, but until now there has not been a comprehensive text on the many aspects of interaction between human beings and electromagnetic fields. This text fills the gap.
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields
Author: R. Timothy Hitchcock
Publisher:
Published: 1995
Total Pages: 76
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKELF Electric and Magnetic Fields
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 14
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKStudies have been conducted at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, to examine extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields for possible biological effects in animals. Three areas of investigation are reported here: (1) studies on the nervous system, including behavior and neuroendocrine function, (2) experiments on cancer development in animals, and (3) measurements of currents and electric fields induced in animal models by exposure to external magnetic fields. In behavioral experiments, rats have been shown to be responsive to ELF electric field exposure. Furthermore, experimental data indicate that short-term memory may be affected in albino rats exposed to combined ELF and static magnetic fields. Neuroendocrine studies have been conducted to demonstrate an apparent stress-related response in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. Nighttime pineal melatonin levels have been shown to be significantly depressed in animals exposed to either electric or magnetic fields. A number of animal tumor models are currently under investigation to examine possible relationships between ELF exposure and carcinogenesis. Finally, theoretical and experimental measurements have been performed which form the basis for animals and human exposure comparisons.
ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects
Author: Michael Persinger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 320
ISBN-13: 1468490044
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecent emphasis upon the importance of the physical environment has made science and the public even more cog nizant of the many components of the biosphere. While much attention has been given to ionizing electromagnetic stimuli which causes blatant and unalterable changes in biological systems, relatively little research has been concerned with those electromagnetic signals whose frequencies overlap with time-varying processes in living organisms. Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields can occur as waves between about I Hz to 100 Hz or as short pulses within this range of very low frequency (VLF) and higher frequency sources. The natural occurrence of ELF signals is associated with weather changes, solar disturbances and geophysical ionospheric perturbations. Man-made sources have also been reported. Certain physical properties of ELF signals make them excellent candidates for biologically important stimuli. Unlike many other weather components, ELF signals have the capacity to penetrate structures which house living organ isms. ELF wave configurations allow long distance propaga tional capacities without appreciable attenuation of inten sity, thus making them antecedent stimuli to approaching weather changes. Most importantly, ELF signals exhibit the frequencies and wave forms of bio-electrical events that occur within the brain and body. Thus resonance inter actions between animal and nature become attractive possi bilities.
