El modelo «burnout»- engagement en enfermeros

El modelo «burnout»- engagement en enfermeros

Author: FARIAS, Jamilton Alves

Publisher: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca

Published: 2016-12-01

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 8490126887

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RESUMEN: Actualmente, el Síndrome de Burnout (SB), se ha convertido en un problema de gran relevancia social. Tanto es así, que estudiosos en materia laboral y en el campo de la salud han reclamado el reconocimiento de este síndrome como una enfermedad profesional, o de riesgo laboral. Mientras que el engagement se considera como el comprometimiento o entusiasmo con el trabajo, y por lo tanto lo contrario. La resiliencia permite a los trabajadores, adaptarse o recuperarse de las adversidades de la labor cotidiana. El primer objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la incidencia del SB y sus consecuencias en profesionales de enfermería, en el ámbito público, que realizan la atención básica, media y de alta complejidad, en el estado de Paraíba–Brasil, analizando, además, la relación entre el SB, Engagement, y el papel de la resiliencia como factor de protección del SB en este grupo de profesionales. Se trata de un estudio, de tipo transversal que describe las características de los profesionales de enfermería analizando el fenómeno de las relaciones entre las variables. Fue realizado en quince municipios del estado de Paraíba-Brasil, contingente poblacional de trabajadores que atienden a clientes de clase económica con escasos recursos, cuya muestra fue de 320 enfermeros. Los resultados dejaron en evidencia que, 41,2% (132) de los enfermeros entrevistados presentan SB, es decir, en las tres dimensiones (+ CE+DP y –RP). Además, observamos que, 58,8% (188) de los entrevistados no presentan el SB. Con respecto a los factores VI, DE y AB del Engagement, observamos significativas correlaciones negativas de los tres componentes con el Corazón de Burnout (CB): CBxVI (r=-0,406, **p<0,01), CBxDE (r=-0,397, **p<0,01) y CBxAB (r=-0,257, **p<0,01). De los factores RAV, IND y ACCA de la escala de resiliencia, observamos correlación negativa significante del CB solo con los dos primeros componentes: CBxRAV (r=-0,152, **p<0,01) y CBxIND (r=-0,117, *p<0,05). El tercer componente ACCA presentó muy poca correlación no significante con el CB, siendo CBxACCA (r=0,043, p>0,05). El tercer componente del SB, RP (Realización Profesional), presentó correlación positiva y significante con todos los factores o componentes del Engagement y de la escala de resiliencia, confirmando la ocurrencia de las mayores media de scores para cada una de las variables consideradas a partir de los instrumentos MBI, Engagement y Resiliencia. A partir del análisis realizado, concluimos que: fue posible determinar la presencia de SB, bien como conocer la existencia de la diferencia en la incidencia del referido síndrome en función del tipo de actividad que los enfermeros investigados realizan, a nivel de atención básica, media y de alta complejidad; fueron constatadas las consecuencias de la salud mental relacionadas con el SB de los enfermeros; fue posible conocer las consecuencias psicosomáticas y conductuales, y evidenciar la vulnerabilidad al SB de los enfermeros en los diferentes factores de resiliencia y Engagement;; también fue constatada la existencia de la relación entre las dimensiones de SB, las consecuencias psicológicas y los factores de resiliencia, manifestados por los trabajadores de enfermería. Por tanto, sugerimos que se desarrollen estrategias de enfrentamiento para disminuir o amenizar la baja satisfacción laboral, el absentismo y finalmente la disminución de la calidad de vida en el trabajo. RESUMO: Atualmente, a Síndrome de Burnout (SB), se converteu num problema de grande relevância social. Tanto é assim, que estudiosos em matéria laboral e no campo da saúde têm reclamado o reconhecimento desta síndrome como uma enfermidade profissional, ou de risco laboral. Enquanto que o engagement se considera como o comprometimento ou entusiasmo com o trabalho, e, portanto, o contrário. A resiliência permite aos trabalhadores, adaptar-se ou recuperar-se das adversidades do labor cotidiano. O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a incidência da SB e suas consequências em profissionais de enfermagem, no âmbito público, que realizam a atenção básica, de média e de alta complexidade, no estado de Paraíba–Brasil, analisando, ademais, a relação entre a SB, Engagement, e o papel da resiliência como fator de proteção da SB neste grupo de profissionais. Se trata de um estudo, de tipo transversal que descreve as características dos profissionais de enfermagem analisando o fenômeno das relações entre as variáveis. Foi realizado em quinze municípios do estado de Paraíba-Brasil, contingente populacional de trabalhadores que atendem a clientes de classe econômica com escassos recursos, cuja amostra foi de 320 enfermeiros. Os resultados deixaram em evidência que, 41,2% (132) dos enfermeiros entrevistados apresentam SB, ou seja, nas três dimensões (+ CE+DP y –RP). Ademais observamos que, 58,8% (188) dos entrevistados não apresentam a SB. Com respeito aos fatores VI, DE e AB do Engagement, observamos significativas correlaciones negativas dos três componentes com o Coração de Burnout (CB): CBxVI (r=-0,406, **p<0,01), CBxDE (r=-0,397, **p<0,01) y CBxAB (r=-0,257, **p<0,01). De los factores RAV, IND y ACCA da escala de resiliência, observamos correlação negativa significante do CB somente com os dois primeiros componentes: CBxRAV (r=-0,152, **p<0,01) y CBxIND (r=-0,117, *p<0,05). O terceiro componente ACCA apresentou muito pouca correlação não significante com o CB, sendo CBxACCA (r=0,043, p>0,05). O terceiro componente da SB, RP (Realização Profissional), apresentou correlação positiva e significante com todos os fatores ou componentes do Engagement e da escala de resiliência, confirmando a ocorrência das maiores médias de scores para cada uma das variáveis consideradas a partir dos instrumentos MBI, Engagement e Resiliência. A partir da análise realizada, concluímos que: foi possível determinar a presença de SB, bem como conhecer a existência da diferença na incidência da referida síndrome em função do tipo de atividade que os enfermeiros investigados realizam, a nível de atenção básica, média e de alta complexidade; foram constatadas as consequências da saúde mental relacionadas com a SB dos enfermeiros; foi possível conhecer as consequências psicossomáticas e de conduta, e evidenciar a vulnerabilidade à SB dos enfermeiros nos diferentes fatores de resiliência e Engagement; também foi constatada a existência da relação entre as dimensões de SB, as consequências psicológicas e os fatores de resiliência, manifestados pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Portanto, sugerimos que se desenvolvam estratégias de enfrentamento para diminuir ou amenizar a baixa satisfação laboral, o absentismo e finalmente a diminuição da qualidade de vida no trabalho. ABSTRACT:Today, the Burnout Syndrome starts to become a really relevant social problem. So much sothat researchers on labor matter and health field have claimed the recognition of this syndrome as a professional illness, or as a labor risk. The first aim of this study was to investigate the SB incidence and its consequences in nursing professionals from the public field, who implement the primary care, from high and medium complexity in the state of Paraíba - Brazil, by analysing the relationship between Burnout and Engagement, as well as the role of resilience as a factor of SB protection among such professionals. It is a transversal type study that describes the characteristics of nursing professionals by analysis of the relationship phenomenon among variables. It has taken place in 15 municipalities in the state of Paraíba – Brazil, involving a working population that assist patients from low income classes, sampling 320 nurses. As an ethical procedure we adopted Resolution no. 466/2012 principles from the National Health Council, which presents the ruling guidelines on research involving human beings in Brazil, including the Free and Clear Consent Term. It was a quantitative research and the instruments used for data collection were: Socio-demographic, Laboral Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory Questionnaire (MBI), Prediction Factors and Symptoms of Burnout Syndrome in Nursing workers, Self-Report Questionnaire - SRQ- 20, the Resilience Scale (Wagnild and Young, 1993) and Work & Well-being Survey (UWES). To achieve results we proceeded with an statistical analysis by using the software statistics package for the Social Sciences – SPSS - 13.0 version. From the analysis accomplished ,we concluded that: it was possible to determine the SB presence, as well as to know the existence of the difference in the incidence of the syndrome studied, according to the kind of activity the researched nurses carry out, that is, in the high and medium complexity level of primary care; the consequences of mental health related to SB in the nurses studied were confirmed; it was possible to know its behavioral and psychossomatic consequences, as well as to evidence their vulnerability to SB in the different factors of resilience and Engagement; it was also found out the existence of the relationship among SB dimensions, the psychological consequences and resilience factors shown by nursing professionals.


Work and Family

Work and Family

Author: Elizabeth Goldsmith

Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated

Published: 1989-06

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13:

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`A gold mine of material on a topic of critical importance to society... a priceless resource for scholars and policy makers concerned about work/family relationships' - Professor Douglas T Hall, Sloan School of Management, MIT `Many new theoretical and empirical approaches to work and family are highlighted in this extremely timely collection. It... will certainly contribute to the increasing theoretical sophistication of this field.' -- Joseph Pleck, Professor of Psychology, Wheaton College This volume was first published as Volume 3 Number 4 (1988) of the Journal of Social Behavior and Personality.


Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease

Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Sally A. Shumaker

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1994-01-31

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 0306439824

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In this groundbreaking work, distinguished contributors explore the myriad relationships between networks of social support and the development, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals with cardiovascular disease. Chapters span the range from conceptual to methodological issues, and take into account gender, environmental, and cultural differences. The book will provide a wealth of information for clinicians and students in the fields of behavioral medicine, psychophysiology, and cardiovascular disease.


Personality and Organizations

Personality and Organizations

Author: Benjamin Schneider

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 0805837582

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Personality has always been a predictor of performance. This edited book brings together top scholars to look at teams, leadership, organizational climate and culture, stress, job satisfaction, etc. and tells us what we know about these topics from a per


Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

Author: Joy Higgs

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2008-02-14

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 0750688858

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Clinical reasoning is the foundation of professional clinical practice. Totally revised and updated, this book continues to provide the essential text on the theoretical basis of clinical reasoning in the health professions and examines strategies for assisting learners, scholars and clinicians develop their reasoning expertise. key chapters revised and updated nature of clinical reasoning sections have been expanded increase in emphasis on collaborative reasoning core model of clinical reasoning has been revised and updated


Burnout for Experts

Burnout for Experts

Author: Sabine Bährer-Kohler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-11

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1461443911

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Wherever people are working, there is some type of stress—and where there is stress, there is the risk of burnout. It is widespread, the subject of numerous studies in the U.S. and abroad. It is also costly, both to individuals in the form of sick days, lost wages, and emotional exhaustion, and to the workplace in terms of the bottom line. But as we are now beginning to understand, burnout is also preventable. Burnout for Experts brings multifaceted analysis to a multilayered problem, offering comprehensive discussion of contributing factors, classic and less widely perceived markers of burnout, coping strategies, and treatment methods. International perspectives consider phase models of burnout and differentiate between burnout and related physical and mental health conditions. By focusing on specific job and life variables including workplace culture and gender aspects, contributors give professionals ample means for recognizing burnout as well as its warning signs. Chapters on prevention and intervention detail effective programs that can be implemented at the individual and organizational levels. Included in the coverage: · History of burnout: a phenomenon. · Personal and external factors contributing to burnout. · Depression and burnout · Assessment tools and methods. · The role of communication in burnout prevention. · Active coping and other intervention strategies. Skillfully balancing scholarship and accessibility, Burnout for Experts is a go-to resource for health psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists, and organizational, industrial, and clinical psychologists.


The Individual in the Changing Working Life

The Individual in the Changing Working Life

Author: Katharina Naswall

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-12-02

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 9780521182904

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Working life has been the subject of great change in recent years with contemporary conditions generally providing increased opportunities and autonomy for individuals. But these benefits can coincide with greater demands and responsibilities, increasing the pressure to work outside of traditional working hours and so creating conflict between work and family life. This book contributes towards our understanding of contemporary working life, considering how recent changes have affected the work climates, attitudes and well-being of individuals. Combining traditional theoretical frameworks with innovative research, it discusses both the positive and negative effects contemporary working life has on organizations and employees. International experts in the fields of work and organizational psychology present strategies to prevent negative working conditions and help individuals achieve a healthy work-life balance.


Dorothea Orem

Dorothea Orem

Author: Donna Hartweg

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Published: 1991-09-11

Total Pages: 73

ISBN-13: 1452253234

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Encapsulating the work of a classic nursing theorist, this book provides a unique overview of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Model of Nursing. Orem's Model proposes that nursing should be especially concerned with the patient's need to move continuously towards responsible action in self-care in order to sustain life and health or to recover from disease or injury. The actions required of nurses to achieve these goals are clearly described.