Effects of Establishing New Railroad on the Economic Development
Effects of Establishing New Railroad on the Economic Development

Author: Nawshirwan Rashid

Publisher:

Published: 2015-08-17

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 9783668010703

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, language: English, abstract: Today in the economic environment of each country there are some important factors which make the economy on the growth road, among these factors is the infrastructure and mobility (internally and externally), in the period of industrialization the mobility of resources, raw materials and freights was expensive because of the limitation of mobility access; the primary aim of discovering new ways and systems to an easy and cheap mobility was earning more and more benefits. Establishing new ways to transport easy and cheap was the discovering the rail ways to move passengers and freights among the cities first and the countries after, this new way of transporting made a huge distributing of the economic growth in those pioneer countries, which distributed changing public policies of more and more countries toward establishing the new transport manner, deciding to establish a new railways systems distributed to bring more investments and benefits to the investors and the productivity and growing GDP per capita of those countries.

Effects of Establishing New Railroad on the Economic Development
Effects of Establishing New Railroad on the Economic Development

Author: Nawshirwan Rashid

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2015-07-03

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13: 3668010692

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, , language: English, abstract: Today in the economic environment of each country there are some important factors which make the economy on the growth road, among these factors is the infrastructure and mobility (internally and externally), in the period of industrialization the mobility of resources, raw materials and freights was expensive because of the limitation of mobility access; the primary aim of discovering new ways and systems to an easy and cheap mobility was earning more and more benefits. Establishing new ways to transport easy and cheap was the discovering the rail ways to move passengers and freights among the cities first and the countries after, this new way of transporting made a huge distributing of the economic growth in those pioneer countries, which distributed changing public policies of more and more countries toward establishing the new transport manner, deciding to establish a new railways systems distributed to bring more investments and benefits to the investors and the productivity and growing GDP per capita of those countries.

Railroads and Local Economic Development
Railroads and Local Economic Development

Author: Michael R. Haines

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

We use county and individual-level data from 1850 and 1860 to examine the economic impact of gaining access to a railroad. Previous studies have found that rail access was positively correlated with the value of agricultural land at a point in time, and have interpreted this correlation as evidence that rail access chiefly benefitted agricultural land owners in the manner predicted by the Hekscher-Ohlin or Von Theunen models. We use a difference-in-difference strategy, comparing changes in outcomes in counties that gained rail access in the 1850s to those that either gained access earlier or did not have access before the Civil War. Most of the estimated effects are small and the signs are not wholly consistent with either model, under the null hypothesis that agriculture was the chief beneficiary of rail access. For example, we find that rail access appears to have increased urbanization, raised the likelihood of participation in the service sector, decreased agricultural yields, and reduced the share of improved acreage in total land area, opposite to the patterns predicted by either the Heckscher-Ohlin or Von Theunen models.

The New Economic History of the Railways (Routledge Revivals)
The New Economic History of the Railways (Routledge Revivals)

Author: Patrick O'Brien

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-11-13

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 1317576896

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book, first published in 1977, contrasts new and older approaches to the history of transport and outlines a critical exposition of the methods used to quantify the contribution of railways to economic growth by means of counterfactual speculation and the measurement of social savings. The author also outlines and appraises an alternative measure of the impact of railways, namely the social rate of return on capital invested in railways. The final chapters are concerned with the effects on growth generated by the construction and diffusion of railways through expenditure on labour, capital goods and industrial inputs and through their effects on the integration of markets, and patterns of location.

The Geography of Transport Systems
The Geography of Transport Systems

Author: Jean-Paul Rodrigue

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 1136777326

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering.

The Urban Rail Development Handbook
The Urban Rail Development Handbook

Author: Daniel Pulido

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2018-09-11

Total Pages: 845

ISBN-13: 146481273X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Cities across the globe are looking to develop affordable, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible transportation solutions that can meet the accessibility needs of expanding metropolitan populations and support future economic and urban development. When appropriately planned and properly implemented as part of a larger public transportation network, urban rail systems can provide rapid mobility and vital access to city centers from surrounding districts. High-performing urban rail services, when carefully approached as development projects, can help enhance quality of life by giving citizens access to employment opportunities, essential services, urban amenities, and neighboring communities. The purpose of this Handbook is to synthesize and disseminate knowledge to inform the planning, implementation, and operations of urban rail projects with a view towards: -- Emphasizing the need for early studies and project planning; -- Making projects more sustainable (economically, socially, and environmentally); -- Improving socioeconomic returns and access to opportunities for users; -- Maximizing the value of private participation, where appropriate; and -- Building capacity within project implementing and managing institutions This Handbook provides experiential advice to tackle the technical, institutional, and financial challenges faced by decision makers considering urban rail projects. It brings together the expertise of World Bank staff and the input of numerous specialists to synthesize international 'good practices' and recommendations that are independent of commercial, financial political, or other interests. The material presented is intended as an honest-broker guide to maximize the impact and manage the challenges of urban rail systems in cities in both developed and developing countries. Rather than identify a single approach, this Handbook acknowledges the complexities and context necessary when approaching an urban rail development by helping to prepare decision makers to ask the right questions, consider the key issues, perform the necessary studies, apply adequate tools, and learn from international good practice all at the right time in the project development process.

Railroads and the Transformation of China
Railroads and the Transformation of China

Author: Elisabeth Köll

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2019-01-14

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 0674368177

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

As a vehicle to convey both the history of modern China and the complex forces still driving the nation’s economic success, rail has no equal. Railroads and the Transformation of China is the first comprehensive history, in any language, of railroad operation from the last decades of the Qing Empire to the present. China’s first fractured lines were built under semicolonial conditions by competing foreign investors. The national system that began taking shape in the 1910s suffered all the ills of the country at large: warlordism and Japanese invasion, Chinese partisan sabotage, the Great Leap Forward when lines suffered in the “battle for steel,” and the Cultural Revolution, during which Red Guards were granted free passage to “make revolution” across the country, nearly collapsing the system. Elisabeth Köll’s expansive study shows how railroads survived the rupture of the 1949 Communist revolution and became an enduring model of Chinese infrastructure expansion. The railroads persisted because they were exemplary bureaucratic institutions. Through detailed archival research and interviews, Köll builds case studies illuminating the strength of rail administration. Pragmatic management, combining central authority and local autonomy, sustained rail organizations amid shifting political and economic priorities. As Köll shows, rail provided a blueprint for the past forty years of ambitious, semipublic business development and remains an essential component of the PRC’s politically charged, technocratic economic model for China’s future.