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Author: Steven L. Harville
Publisher:
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 320
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKKeywords: orographic lift, Appalachians, tropical cyclone, hurricane, Isabel, Ivan, extratropical transition, Frances, precipitation.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2004
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA thorough analysis of rainfall distributions associated with tropical cyclones that have impinged upon or impacted the southern and central Appalachian mountain range is conducted using the North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The primary objective of this study is to improve the skill and precision of future forecasts by identifying specific areas where enhancement of the precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones due to the direct and indirect effects of orography most frequently occurs. Based on the relative positions between the tropical cyclone tracks and the orientation of the Appalachian Mountains, four storm tracks are classified. We identify locations with the highest potential for flooding using local maximum analysis for each representative track. For storms that run parallel along the eastern side of the Appalachians (Track-B), heavy rainfall is located along eastern slopes with the heaviest precipitation falling across western North Carolina and central Virginia. Storm tracks that run parallel on the western side of the Appalachians (Track-C) show heaviest precipitation falling on the eastern slopes of western North Carolina. For storms that track more perpendicular to the mountain range, maximum rainfall is located over the mountains of central Virginia (Track-A) and across the southern Appalachians (Track-D). A second goal of this work is to document some of the effects of these mountains on landfalling tropical cyclones, on the synoptic environment as a whole, and on the interactions of these tropical and mid-latitude cyclones. Work here is focused on expanding upon the synoptic approach of Atallah et al. (2007). This is accomplished through examination of the precipitation climatology, analysis of composites and case studies, and by numerical simulation. Hart and Evans (2006) find that the orientation of the approaching upper-level mid-latitude trough is one of the most sign.
Author: Vasubandhu Misra
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2020-04-08
Total Pages: 342
ISBN-13: 0128218274
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRegionalizing Global Climate Variations: A Study of the Southeastern US Regional Climate provides a framework for understanding regional climate in light of the many assessment reports being released regularly by international organizations. The book emphasizes global climate variations to explore the concept of the regionalization of those variations. Focusing on the climate of the Southeastern United States as a lens, it provides a template for targeting regional climate change in the context of global variability. It includes coverage of weather extremes, such as tornadoes, cyclones, and drought, and approaches the subject from a holistic perspective, including atmospheric, oceanic, and land components. The Southeastern United States is a particularly relevant case study, given the fact that it is the largest quarter of the United States and has the most coastlines, often resulting in a higher number of extreme weather events. This practical approach to understanding climate at the regional/local scale makes the book a valuable resource for students and researchers in Meteorology, Climate Science, Oceanography, Environmental Science, and other applied sectors. Includes descriptions of the morphology of weather extremes such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes Discusses the influence of climate change on weather extremes Presents a holistic or interdisciplinary approach to understanding regional climate that includes features of atmospheric science, meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology
Author: Miguel A. C. Teixeira
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2016-11-09
Total Pages: 162
ISBN-13: 2889450163
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMountainous regions occupy a significant fraction of the Earth's continents and are characterized by specific meteorological phenomena operating on a wide range of scales. Being a home to large human populations, the impact of mountains on weather and hydrology has significant practical consequences. Mountains modulate the climate and create micro-climates, induce different types of thermally and dynamically driven circulations, generate atmospheric waves of various scales (known as mountain waves), and affect the boundary layer characteristics and the dispersion of pollutants. At the local scale, strong downslope winds linked with mountain waves (such as the Foehn and Bora) can cause severe damage. Mountain wave breaking in the high atmosphere is a source of Clear Air Turbulence, and lee wave rotors are a major near-surface aviation hazard. Mountains also act to block strongly stratified air layers, leading to the formation of valley cold air-pools (with implications for road safety, pollution, crop damage, etc.) and gap flows. Presently, neither the fine-scale structure of orographic precipitation nor the initiation of deep convection by mountainous terrain can be resolved adequately by regional-to global-scale models, requiring appropriate downscaling or parameterization. Additionally, the shortest mountain waves need to be parameterized in global weather and climate prediction models, because they exert a drag on the atmosphere. This drag not only decelerates the global atmospheric circulation, but also affects temperatures in the polar stratosphere, which control ozone depletion. It is likely that both mountain wave drag and orographic precipitation lead to non-trivial feedbacks in climate change scenarios. Measurement campaigns such as MAP, T-REX, Materhorn, COLPEX and i-Box provided a wealth of mountain meteorology field data, which is only starting to be explored. Recent advances in computing power allow numerical simulations of unprecedented resolution, e.g. LES modelling of rotors, mountain wave turbulence, and boundary layers in mountainous regions. This will lead to important advances in understanding these phenomena, as well as mixing and pollutant dispersion over complex terrain, or the onset and breakdown of cold air pools. On the other hand, recent analyses of global circulation biases point towards missing drag, especially in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to processes currently neglected in parameterizations. A better understanding of flow over orography is also crucial for a better management of wind power and a more effective use of data assimilation over complex terrain. This Research Topic includes contributions that aim to shed light on a number of these issues, using theory, numerical modelling, field measurements, and laboratory experiments.
Author: Donald Ward Griffiths
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 234
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: John Cangialosi
Publisher:
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 190
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Andrzej H. Rachocki
Publisher: Chichester, England ; Toronto : J. Wiley
Published: 1990-04-18
Total Pages: 418
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis collection of papers brings together the work of authors from ten countries who examine a wide variety of alluvial landforms in various geographical, climatological and geological settings, from mountainous terrain and shore environments to temperate and dry climates. Ties together basic and applied studies, emphasizing the importance of historical context in geomorphological and sedimentological investigations. Well illustrated, including foldout panoramas.
Author: F. Martin Ralph
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-07-10
Total Pages: 284
ISBN-13: 3030289060
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Author: Roger A. Pielke, Sr.
Publisher:
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 318
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLosses to hurricanes in the 1990s total more than those incurred in the 1970s and 1980s combined, even after adjusting for inflation. This has led many to mistakenly conclude that severe hurricanes are becoming more frequent. In fact, according to recent research, the past few decades have seen a decrease in the frequency of severe storms and 1991 to 1994 was the quietest in at least 50 years. It does mean, however, that the world today is more vulnerable to hurricane impacts than it has ever been, which represents a serious policy problem. This book defines and assesses the hurricane problem, focusing primarily on the United States, in order to lay a foundation for action. The concept of vulnerability is used to integrate the societal and physical aspects of hurricane impacts. The book is unique in that it seeks to address both the scientific and societal aspects of hurricanes. While it focuses on the United States, it is intended to illustrate weather related impacts assessment that could be applied in other areas, and for phenomena other than hurricanes. More broadly, this book seeks to illustrate the beneficial uses (as well as limitations) of hurricane science to society. Explicit consideration of the relationship between science and society is much needed in an era when scientific research is under public and political pressure to demonstrate a better connection with societal needs.
