Economic and Mathematic Modeling of Labour Efficiency
Economic and Mathematic Modeling of Labour Efficiency

Author: Marina Simonova

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The article is dedicated to the author's methodology of economic and mathematic modeling of labour efficiency indicators. Conditions and type of labour determine social and economic efficiency of labour, the increasing of which is becoming necessary for any organization. Economic and mathematic modeling makes it possible to calculate planned indicators of labour efficiency according to different parameters. The research suggests methods of building one-factor and multifactor statistic and dynamic economic and mathematical models of labour effectiveness indicators. The efficiency of labour of different categories of workers can be presented by two groups of indicators: indicators of production efficiency (labour efficiency) and indicators of economic (financial) efficiency (profitability of labour). On the basis of the analysis of the studied factors the dependence was derived which can be expressed in a deterministic or stochastic factor economic and mathematical model. Advantages of a stochastic model of efficiency of work consist is that incomplete, vague and insufficiently formalized information is also taken into account through a complex factorial function with variable structure and the changing nature of dynamics. The presented method allows a high degree of reliability in modeling planned increase in efficiency of labour. Thus, when evaluating and planning the efficiency of labour of the workers of commercial enterprises not only productivity but also profitability of labour should be taken into account.

Efficiency Wages
Efficiency Wages

Author: Andrew Weiss

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2014-07-14

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 140086206X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Known for his seminal work in efficiency-wage theory, Andrew Weiss surveys recent research in the field and presents new results. He shows how wage schedules affect the kinds of workers a firm employs and how well those workers perform on the job. Using straightforward examples, he demonstrates how efficiency-wage theory can explain labor market outcomes and guide government policy. There is a separate section of applications to less developed countries. "Efficiency-wage models represent one of the most important developments in economic theory of recent years. They have, at last, provided integrated explanations both of macroeconomic phenomena, such as unemployment and wage rigidity, and microeconomic phenomena, such as wage dispersion. Weiss--one of the pioneers of efficiency-wage theory--provides here a masterful survey, a lucid and systematic and yet critical account of this rapidly developing branch of economics. This book should be required reading in all courses in macroeconomics."--Joseph Stiglitz, Stanford University "Efficiency Wages should be on the bookshelf of all labor and macroeconomists."--Lawrence H. Summers, Harvard University "A splendid monograph ... most readable... I will put it on my reading list."--Partha Dasgupta, Stanford University Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Mathematical Modeling in Economics, Ecology and the Environment
Mathematical Modeling in Economics, Ecology and the Environment

Author: N.V. Hritonenko

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1441997334

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The problems of interrelation between human economics and natural environment include scientific, technical, economic, demographic, social, political and other aspects that are studied by scientists of many specialities. One of the important aspects in scientific study of environmental and ecological problems is the development of mathematical and computer tools for rational management of economics and environment. This book introduces a wide range of mathematical models in economics, ecology and environmental sciences to a general mathematical audience with no in-depth experience in this specific area. Areas covered are: controlled economic growth and technological development, world dynamics, environmental impact, resource extraction, air and water pollution propagation, ecological population dynamics and exploitation. A variety of known models are considered, from classical ones (Cobb Douglass production function, Leontief input-output analysis, Solow models of economic dynamics, Verhulst-Pearl and Lotka-Volterra models of population dynamics, and others) to the models of world dynamics and the models of water contamination propagation used after Chemobyl nuclear catastrophe. Special attention is given to modelling of hierarchical regional economic-ecological interaction and technological change in the context of environmental impact. Xlll XIV Construction of Mathematical Models ...

The Labor Market and Business Cycle Theories
The Labor Market and Business Cycle Theories

Author: Piero Ferri

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 3662008319

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Interest in business cycles has had its 'ups and downs'. After a period of almost steady state growth and of economic tranquility, when the business cycle seemed to be obsolete, the turbulence of the 70s and 80s has contributedto a renewed interest in the topic. Important analytical and methodological innovations have also favored the present abundance of contributions. Four innovations are of particular importance: i. microfoundations ii. nonlinearities iii. stochastic variables iv. real aspects. Both Classical macroeconomics and new-Keynesian approaches seem to share these characteristics, which apply both to endogenous and exogenous explanations of the cycle. The distance separating the newer literature from its forebears seems vast. Previously, cycle theory was characterized by a macro approach and utilized nonlinearities either through piecewise 'linear models or with the aid of Classical theorems in the field of dynamic systems. To consider and to compare the old and the new literature on business cycles is one of the goals of this book. To narrow the distance separating them is another goal of this research. We do not try to bridge it, but rather to revisit the former tradition with new tools. Finally, a particular emphasis is put on the 'ceilings and floors' type of literature. One of us has written a D. Phil. thesis with Sir John Hicks, and both have worked with H. P. Minsky. Hicks, along with Goodwin, introdu. ced the concept of ceilings and floors into business cycle analysis, and Minsky made important contributions to the area.

Developments in Labour Market Analysis
Developments in Labour Market Analysis

Author: Caroline Joll

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-12-07

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 0429658184

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

First published in 1983. This text is designed to enable intermediate and advanced students to attain familiarity with the theoretical concepts used in labour market analysis, and to apply them fruitfully to the economic problem of labour markets. Each chapter of Section I deals with a different theoretical development of the basic labour market model of utility maximising labour supply and the marginal productivity theory of labour demand. In addition, the authors discuss in depth uncharted territory including the analysis of uncertainty and discrimination in labour markets and advances in human capital theory, in each case covering the implications both for equity and the efficient allocation of resources. Each chapter of Section II analyses an important economic problem - for instance wage determination, unemployment and inflation - using the theoretical insights derived from Section I. The contributions of different theoretical developments are assessed by reference to the current state of empirical research into labour market problems. This book stresses the interaction between labour market mechanisms and also between market and non-market forces in the belief that this will lead to a greater understanding of the operation of the labour market than can be gained by viewing each theoretical development in isolation from the others.

Economic Models of Trade Unions
Economic Models of Trade Unions

Author: P. Garonna

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 9401123780

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Over the 1980s unions have lost about 5 million members in OECD countries. The proportion of unionized workers is increasing in the services, public sector and among women. Today, almost two out of five union members are employed in the public sector. Wide differences remain in the levels of unionization in diverse countries, while in the United States, France and Spain union members account now for little more than 10% of the labour force, in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland and Denmark) the corre'sponding figure is between 75 and 85%. In general, rates have been higher in Europe than in North America. Economic analysis is paying increasing attention to these developments and to their policy implications (Edwards, Caronna and Todling, OCDE 1991). Recent progress in economic theory has enabled some light to be cast on the determinants of unionism, on the other hand, efforts aimed at coming to grips with the economic reality of unions have significantly contributed to theoretical advancement by extending and modifying conventional microeconomic wisdom. The reader of this volume will judge whether the insight gained is sufficient, or - as a recent survey concluded ~ the problem has proved to be virtually intractable (Johnson, p. 24). These can be grouped under three headings, corresponding to the three parts of the volume, which will be illustrated in the Introduction.

Nonlinear Models, Labour Markets, and Exchange
Nonlinear Models, Labour Markets, and Exchange

Author: John Creedy

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2002-07-29

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 9781782541776

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Nonlinear Models, Labour Markets and Exchange offers a number of broad introductory surveys in the areas of nonlinear modelling, labour economics and the economic analysis of exchange. This collection of articles consists largely of recently published refereed papers. The early chapters provide an introduction to the analysis of 'chaos and strange attractors' and the use of the very flexible generalised exponential family of frequency distributions in analysing both time series and cross-sectional distributions. The volume then provides syntheses of the theories of internal labour markets, trade union bargaining, and population ageing and its implications. It goes on to survey a range of topics in the broad area of the theory of exchange, which is central to the neoclassical economic model. Finally, the book provides some advice for students who are about to start their first piece of research. It ends with a unique survey of the history of economic analysis. Providing introductory material and syntheses of a wide range of topics, Nonlinear Models, Labour Markets and Exchange will be welcomed by economics academics and researchers interested in labour economics and econometrics.

Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market
Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market

Author: George A. Akerlof

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1986-11-28

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9780521312844

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The contributors explore the reasons why involuntary unemployment happens when supply equals demand.

Mathematical Optimization and Economic Analysis
Mathematical Optimization and Economic Analysis

Author: Mikulás Luptácik

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-10-03

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 0387895523

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

"Mathematical Optimization and Economic Analysis" is a self-contained introduction to various optimization techniques used in economic modeling and analysis such as geometric, linear, and convex programming and data envelopment analysis. Through a systematic approach, this book demonstrates the usefulness of these mathematical tools in quantitative and qualitative economic analysis. The book presents specific examples to demonstrate each technique’s advantages and applicability as well as numerous applications of these techniques to industrial economics, regulatory economics, trade policy, economic sustainability, production planning, and environmental policy. Key Features include: - A detailed presentation of both single-objective and multiobjective optimization; - An in-depth exposition of various applied optimization problems; - Implementation of optimization tools to improve the accuracy of various economic models; - Extensive resources suggested for further reading. This book is intended for graduate and postgraduate students studying quantitative economics, as well as economics researchers and applied mathematicians. Requirements include a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra, and a familiarity with economic modeling.

Measurement Issues and Behavior of Productivity Variables
Measurement Issues and Behavior of Productivity Variables

Author: Ali Dogramaci

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 9401568677

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book presents a set of papers from the leading edge of current research on productivity analysis. The focus is on alternative forms of measurement, methods, and their implications. The book begins with a chapter by V. Corbo and J. de Melo comparing the effects of using different production frontier models for measuring technical efficiency when using census data. The second chapter (by H. Pesaran and R. Tarling) is a detailed analysi·s of measurement of labor and its variations over time. The next two chapters concern the measurement of capital. The first of these is written by M. F. Mohr; the second is by B. M. Fraumeni and D. W. Jorgenson. The final chapter is by I. B. Kravis, A. W. Heston, and R. Summers and concerns the behavior of productivity and service prices. Decisions for improving productivity rely upon explicit as well as implicit assumptions on how productivity is related to a variety of factors. Determining the right relationships hinges on how these factors are measured and how the models are set. This is why better understanding of measurement issues and behavior of variables related to productivity can lead more effective policies. We plan to continue in this series to present the current research of major different schools of thought in the field.