Dynamic Young's Modulus and Flexural Strength of Sea Ice
Dynamic Young's Modulus and Flexural Strength of Sea Ice

Author: Guenther E. Frankenstein

Publisher:

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13:

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The report describes the results of tests made to determine the dynamic Young's modulus E of young sea ice. The ice samples were mainly parallelepipeds but a few were 7.62-cm-diam cores. The longitudinal wave velocity was determined by measuring the time required for a sound wave to travel the length of the sample. The flexural strength of the ice was determined by conducting a number of simple beam tests. The average value for the flexural strength was 11.3 kg/sq cm. (Author).

The Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice
The Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice

Author: W. F. Weeks

Publisher:

Published: 1967

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13:

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The review discusses the state of thinking of each of the main national groups investigating sea ice and gives an overall appraisal of the field as a whole. Emphasis is placed on (1) the physical basis for interpreting sea ice strength (phase relations, air volume, and structural considerations), (2) theoretical considerations (strength models, air bubbles and salt reinforcement, and interrelations between growth conditions and strength), (3) experimental results (tensile, flexural, shear, and compressive strength, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, time dependent effects, and creep), and (4) plate characteristics. The paper includes a review of problems in sea ice investigations, relates the chemical, crystallographic, mechanical, and physical aspects involved, and concludes by showing how to utilize this knowledge to solve practical problems. (Author).

Ice-engineering
Ice-engineering

Author: M. G. Katona

Publisher:

Published: 1973

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13:

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Increasing operational use od ice areas in polar regions has heightened the requirement for improved knowledge and techniques to analyze the behavior of sea ice. Previous studies on elastic behavior are reviewed with emphasis placed on plate analysis. Classical plate theory and the finite element method are compared in analyzing ice plates, with special attention given to sea-ice airfields. Since elastic analysis is not totally representative of actual ice behavior, a general formulation is presented which gives the assumptions and procedures for both viscoelastic and nonlinear domains of sea-ice behavior. A laboratory program is being initiated to determine material properties that are necessary to extend sea-ice analysis into the inelastic range. (Author).

Mechanical Behavior of Sea Ice
Mechanical Behavior of Sea Ice

Author: Malcolm Mellor

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13:

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The first part of the report provides an introduction to the mechanics of deformable solids, covering the basic ideas of stress and strain, rheology, equilibrium equations, strain/displacement relations, constitutive equations, and failure criteria. Fracture mechanics and fracture toughness are also reviewed briefly. The second part summarizes available data on the mechanical properties of freshwater ice and saline ice, accounting for the influences of strain rate and loading rate, temperature, porosity, salinity, and grain size. Boundary value problems are not dealt with, but there is discussion of some miscellaneous topics, including thermal strains, behavior of brash ice, and pressure ridges. The report was written as a study text for a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sea/Ice/Air Interactions, and was intended to be used in conjunction with companion texts on related topics. This report was written during the summer of 1981, and thus does not cover all results which appeared after the end of 1981.

On Sea Ice
On Sea Ice

Author: Willy Weeks

Publisher: University of Alaska Press

Published: 2010-06-15

Total Pages: 682

ISBN-13: 160223101X

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Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.