The Academy is a prestigious international institution for the study and teaching of Public and Private International Law and related subjects. The work of the Hague Academy receives the support and recognition of the UN. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the "Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law .
Georges Abi-Saab began his writing and teaching at a time when the process of decolonization, and thereafter the quest for emancipation, began to make its far-reaching impact on the international scene, producing significant changes in the international environment, both quantitatively in increasing the number of nation-States and qualitatively in changing patterns of interests and claims. This was bound to result in new pressures on the international legal system itself and in a questioning of the traditional Eurocentric content of international law. In his work and teaching Professor Abi-Saab viewed the dynamics of international law as a function of two driving forces: the emergence of the third world and the sense of injustice. In his view, the first driving force - the emergence of the third world - raised the problem of exclusion: exclusion from participation in the elaboration of international law and the decision-making process, and exclusion as beneficiaries of the resulting rules of international law. At the same time, this new force introduced diversity into the international scene, reflecting the richness of the international community in its different facets. This process remains relevant today, reflecting the contemporary problem of exclusion of new actors as well as their quest for participation. The second driving force - the sense of injustice - posed a teleological problem for him, that of defining community values in order that they capture the different facets of justice, whether formal or distributive. So long as there is no effective organic structure, international law in his view will continue to remain effectiveness-oriented, reflecting rather than impacting on the structures of power. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that there is an on-going process of development of community values and interests; as Georges Abi-Saab wrote with reference to international crimes: `law, like all social phenomena, is a continuous unfolding, a continuous process of elaboration'. He has also considered that the dynamics of the international legal process itself can be captured from the perspective of international organizations as vehicles for change in the international system. From his early writings, Georges Abi-Saab approached the United Nations Charter as a blueprint - both normative and institutional - for a certain type of international society. International institutions with all their imperfections, continue for him to be the means of realization of the law of cooperation which lies at the heart of his concept of the international system. The themes selected for this volume in honour of Professor Georges Abi-Saab are intended to reflect his unique and pioneering contribution to the field of international law. The contributors are drawn from what he has always considered to be his large `family' of former students: in his forty years of teaching, Georges Abi-Saab has acted as mentor to generations of students from all over the world who have benefited from his vision, insights, originality and creative and stimulating use of language. The contributors also include colleagues and friends who share a similar vision of the international legal system.
This is the Seventh volume of the "Hague Yearbook of International Law," which succeeds the "Yearbook of the Association of Attenders and Alumni" "of the Hague Academy of International Law," The title "Hague Yearbook of International Law" reflects the close ties which have always existed between the AAA and the City of The Hague with its international law institutions and indicates the editors' intention to devote attention to developments taking place in those international law institutions, viz. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and the Hague Conference on Private International Law. The "Hague Yearbook" contains in-depth articles on these developments and summaries of (aspects of) decisions rendered by the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. This volume also contains the papers of the Regional AAA Congress, held in Siena, Italy, in May 1994.
The "African Yearbook of International Law" provides an intellectual forum for the systematic analysis and scientific dissection of issues of international law as they apply to Africa, as well as Africa's contribution to the progressive development of international law. It contributes to the promotion, acceptance of and respect for the principles of international law, as well as to the encouragement of the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciations of international law in Africa. A clear articulation of Africa's views on the various aspects of international law based on the present realities of the continent as well as on Africa's civilization, culture, philosophy and history will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding among nations. The "African Yearbook of International Law" plays an important role in examining the tensions underlying the State in Africa, and by shedding more light on the causes of the fragility of African State institutions so as to facilitate the identification of appropriate remedies. The tension and interrelationships among issues such as territorial integrity, self determination, ethnic diversity and nation-building are constantly addressed. Development, human rights and democratization in Africa are also the subject of continuous attention and examination. The Special Theme of this volume is "Regional Economic Integration in Africa,"
La Commission du droit international, après avoir longuement hésité, a inscrit l’état de nécessité dans sa codification de la responsabilité des États en tant que circonstance excluant l’illicéité. L’objet de cette étude est de démontrer qu’il s’agit d’un mécanisme beaucoup plus diffus et fondamental du droit international, intimement lié à ses caractéristiques propres. Il a comme fonction la limitation des obligations substantielles des États lors de la survenance d’un fait-condition – la situation de nécessité – afin d’éviter que l’application du droit ne génère un coût social excessif. Sa réalisation requiert toujours une pondération des intérêts en conflit. Seulement lorsqu’un coût social excessif ne peut être évité, l’état de nécessité intervient dans le cadre des obligations secondaires de la responsabilité internationale, en tant que circonstance atténuante. After much hesitation, the International Law Commission codified the state of necessity as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in the field of State responsibility. This study aims to demonstrate that it is a much wider mechanism, essential to international law and strictly connected to its own characteristics. It performs the function of limiting the substantial obligations of States in case of the realization of a fact condition – a situation of necessity – in order to avert an excessive social cost, born out of law implementation. It always works through a balance of conflicting interests. Only when a social cost cannot be avoided, the state of necessity, under the features of a mitigating circumstance, enters the field of secondary obligations relating to international responsibility.
Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant, créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, pour connaître des différends auxquels pourraient donner lieu l’interprétation et l’application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats, aux organisations internationales et à d’autres entités. L’Annuaire offre aux juristes, aux universitaires, aux étudiants, ainsi qu’au public dans son ensemble, l’accès à des informations concernant la compétence, la procédure et l’organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition et les activités de celui-ci au cours de l’année 2002. L’Annuaire a été établi par le Greffe du Tribunal. L'Annuaire est aussi disponible en anglais.
Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui traite des différends d'ordre maritime. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats, aux organisations internationales et autres entités. L'Annuaire offre aux juristes, aux universitaires, aux étudiants, ainsi qu'au public dans son ensemble, l'accès à une riche source d'informations concernant la compétence, la structure, les travaux et les activités du Tribunal. Le présent Annuaire porte sur la période initiale du fonctionnement du Tribunal et sur les travaux préparatoires qui ont précédé la création de celui-ci, le 1er octobre 1996. L'Annuaire a été établi par le Greffe du Tribunal. Le Tribunal a également publié un volume des textes de base qui contient des documents de référence, en ce qui concerne le mandat et le fonctionnement du Tribunal, et qui constituent l'essentiel de la documentation relative aux dispositions juridiques et à la procédure qu'applique le Tribunal. L'Annuaire est aussi disponible en anglais (Yearbook).
Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui traite des différends d'ordre maritime. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats, aux organisations internationales et à d'autres entités. L'Annuaire offre aux juristes, aux universitaires, aux étudiants, ainsi qu'au public dans son ensemble, l'accès à des informations concernant la compétence, la procédure et l'organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition de celui-ci au cours de l'année 1999. L'Annuaire a été établi par le Greffe du Tribunal. Le Tribunal a également publié un volume de textes de base contenant des documents qui constitue le fondement du mandat et du fonctionnement du Tribunal, et qui représentent l'essentiel de la documentation relative aux dispositions juridiques et à la procédure qu'applique le Tribunal. L'Annuaire est aussi disponible en anglais (Yearbook).
Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui traite des différends d'ordre maritime. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats, aux organisations internationales et à d'autres entités. L'Annuaire offre aux juristes, aux universitaires, aux étudiants, ainsi qu'au public dans son ensemble, l'accès à des informations concernant la compétence, la procédure et l'organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition de celui-ci au cours de l'année 2000. L'Annuaire a été établi par le Greffe du Tribunal. Le Tribunal a également publié un volume de textes de base contenant des documents qui constituent le fondement du mandat et du fonctionnement du Tribunal, et qui représentent l'essentiel de la documentation relative aux règles de fond et de procédure qu'applique le Tribunal. L'Annuaire est aussi disponible en anglais (Yearbook).
