DNA Methylation in Plants
DNA Methylation in Plants

Author: B. F. Vani︠u︡shin

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781606920510

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A high degree of nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation is a specific feature of plant genomes, they do contain 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N6-methyladenine (m6A). More than 30% m5C is located in CNG sequences. Specific changes in DNA methylation accompany the entire life of a plant starting from seed germination up to the death programmed or induced by various agents and factors of biological or abiotic nature. Modulation of DNA methylation is one of the possible modes of the hormonal action in plant. DNA methylation in plants is species-, tissue-, organelle- and age-specific; it is involved in the control of all genetic functions including transcription, replication, DNA repair, gene transposition and cell differentiation. DNA methylation is engaged in gene silencing and parental imprinting, it controls transgenes and foreign DNA. Plants have much more complicated and sophisticated system of the multi-component and sometimes even conjugated genome (nuclear DNA) methylations compared with animals; besides, unlike animals, they have the plastids with their own unique DNA modification system that may control plastid differentiation and functioning; DNA methylation in plant mitochondria is performed in other fashion compared with it in nuclei. The nuclear DNA methylation system is controlled by three major families of cytosine DNA-methyltransferase genes, at least. In contrast to animals the inactivation of major maintenance methyltransferase MET1 (similar to animal Dnmt1) has no significant consequences for plant survival. Other plant cytosine DNA-methyltransferases have no analogs in animals. Some of them (DRM) are responsible for de novo DNA methylation including asymmetric sequences. Plant gene may be methylated at both adenine and cytosine residues; specific adenine DNA-methyltransferase was described. Adenine DNA methylation may influence cytosine modification and vice versa. Anyway, two different systems of the genome modification based on methylation of adenines and cytosines coexist in higher plants. The specific endonucleases discriminating between methylated and unmethylated DNA are present in plants. Thus, plants may have restriction-modification system. There are peculiar complicated controls for growth and development by DNA methylations in plants; they are well co-ordinated with other epigenetic signals modulating chromatin organisation.

Plant Epigenetics
Plant Epigenetics

Author: Nikolaus Rajewsky

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-04-27

Total Pages: 540

ISBN-13: 3319555200

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This book presents, in 26 chapters, the status quo in epigenomic profiling. It discusses how functional information can be indirectly inferred and describes the new approaches that promise functional answers, collectively referred to as epigenome editing. It highlights the latest important advances in our understanding of the functions of plant epigenomics and new technologies for the study of epigenomic marks and mechanisms in plants. Topics include the deposition or removal of chromatin modifications and histone variants, the role of epigenetics in development and response to environmental signals, natural variation and ecology, as well as applications for epigenetics in crop improvement. Discussing areas ranging from the complex regulation of stress and heterosis to the precise mechanisms of DNA and histone modifications, it presents breakthroughs in our understanding of complex phenotypic phenomena.

Plant Gene Silencing
Plant Gene Silencing

Author: M.A. Matzke

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 9401141835

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This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of reviews on various aspects of epigenetic gene silencing in plants. Research on this topic has undergone explosive growth during the past decade and has revealed novel features of gene regulation and plant defense responses that also apply to animals and fungi. Gene silencing is relevant for agricultural biotechnology because stable expression of transgenes is required for the successful commercialization of genetically engineered crops. The reviews have been written by distinguished authors who have made significant contributions to plant gene silencing research. This volume supersedes other books on gene silencing by focussing on plant systems, where many pioneering experiments have been performed, and by including the latest developments from top laboratories. The book is geared toward advanced students of genetics and plant sciences as well as applied and basic research scientists who work with transgenic organisms and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

DNA Methylation
DNA Methylation

Author: Manel Esteller

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2004-09-29

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 1135491488

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DNA Methylation: Approaches, Methods and Applications describes the relation DNA methylation has to gene silencing in disease, and explores its promising role in treating cancer. Written by leaders in the field, this exceptional compilation of articles outlines the best techniques to use when addressing questions concerning the cytosine methylation

DNA Methylation
DNA Methylation

Author: J. Jost

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 581

ISBN-13: 3034891180

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The occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in DNA was first described in 1948 by Hotchkiss (see first chapter). Recognition of its possible physiologi cal role in eucaryotes was first suggested in 1964 by Srinivasan and Borek (see first chapter). Since then work in a great many laboratories has established both the ubiquity of 5-methylcytosine and the catholicity of its possible regulatory function. The explosive increase in the number of publications dealing with DNA methylation attests to its importance and makes it impossible to write a comprehensive coverage of the literature within the scope of a general review. Since the publication of the 3 most recent books dealing with the subject (DNA methylation by Razin A. , Cedar H. and Riggs A. D. , 1984 Springer Verlag; Molecular Biology of DNA methylation by Adams R. L. P. and Burdon R. H. , 1985 Springer Verlag; Nucleic Acids Methylation, UCLA Symposium suppl. 128, 1989) considerable progress both in the techniques and results has been made in the field of DNA methylation. Thus we asked several authors to write chapters dealing with aspects of DNA methyla tion in which they are experts. This book should be most useful for students, teachers as well as researchers in the field of differentiation and gene regulation. We are most grateful to all our colleagues who were willing to spend much time and effort on the publication of this book. We also want to express our gratitude to Yan Chim Jost for her help in preparing this book.

DNA and RNA Modification Enzymes
DNA and RNA Modification Enzymes

Author: Henri Grosjean

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2009-06-11

Total Pages: 682

ISBN-13: 1498713157

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This volume is a timely and comprehensive description of the many facets of DNA and RNA modification-editing processes and to some extent repair mechanisms. Each chapter offers fundamental principles as well as up to date information on recent advances in the field (up to end 2008). They ended by a shortconclusion and future prospect' section and

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis

Author: John Bowman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 1461225981

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The recent application of molecular genetics to problems of developmental biology has provided us with greater insight into the molecular mechanisms by which cells determine their developmental fate. This is particularly evident in the recent progress in understanding of developmental processes in model animal systems such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. De spite the use of plants in some of the earliest genetics experiments, the elucida tion of the molecular bases of plant development has lagged behind that of animal development. However, the emergence of model systems such as Arabi dopsis thaliana, amenable to developmental genetics, has led to the beginning of the unraveling of the mysteries behind plant morphogenesis. This atlas of the morphology and development of the weed Arabidopsis is in tended to be a reference book, both for scientists already familiar with plant anatomy and for those utilizing Arabidopsis who have come from other fields. The primary concentration is on descriptions rather than interpretations, as interpretations evolve and change relatively rapidly, whereas the evolution of plant form takes place on a much longer time scale. Molecular genetics and the use of mutants to probe wild-type gene function rely on the wild-type being well characterized. With this in mind, an attempt was made to present detailed descriptions of wild-type structure and development, to provide a foundation for comparison with the selected mutants in the atlas. More importantly, it is hoped that the atlas will serve as a valuable resource in the characterization of new mutants.

Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications
Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications

Author: Raúl Alvarez-Venegas

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-22

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 3319079719

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Over the past decades, chromatin remodelling has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression and plant defense. This book provides a detailed understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in plants of agronomic importance. The information presented here is significant because it is expected to provide the knowledge needed to develop in the future treatments to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases and to increase crop productivity. New approaches of this kind and the development of new technologies will certainly increase our knowledge of currently known post-translational modifications and facilitate the understanding of their roles in, for example, host-pathogen interactions and crop productivity. Furthermore, we provide important insight on how the plant epigenome changes in response to developmental or environmental stimuli, how chromatin modifications are established and maintained, to which degree they are used throughout the genome, and how chromatin modifications influence each another.

Principles of Cloning
Principles of Cloning

Author: Jose Cibelli

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-09-24

Total Pages: 585

ISBN-13: 0123865425

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Principles of Cloning, Second Edition is the fully revised edition of the authoritative book on the science of cloning. The book presents the basic biological mechanisms of how cloning works and progresses to discuss current and potential applications in basic biology, agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine. Beginning with the history and theory behind cloning, the book goes on to examine methods of micromanipulation, nuclear transfer, genetic modification, and pregnancy and neonatal care of cloned animals. The cloning of various species—including mice, sheep, cattle, and non-mammals—is considered as well. The Editors have been involved in a number of breakthroughs using cloning technique, including the first demonstration that cloning works in differentiated cells done by the Recipient of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine – Dr John Gurdon; the cloning of the first mammal from a somatic cell – Drs Keith Campbell and Ian Wilmut; the demonstration that cloning can reset the biological clock - Drs Michael West and Robert Lanza; the demonstration that a terminally differentiated cell can give rise to a whole new individual – Dr Rudolf Jaenisch and the cloning of the first transgenic bovine from a differentiated cell – Dr Jose Cibelli. The majority of the contributing authors are the principal investigators on each of the animal species cloned to date and are expertly qualified to present the state-of-the-art information in their respective areas. - First and most comprehensive book on animal cloning, 100% revised - Describes an in-depth analysis of current limitations of the technology and research areas to explore - Offers cloning applications on basic biology, agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation

Author: Vincenzo E. A. Russo

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 716

ISBN-13:

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Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.