This book sheds light on the use of tax expenditures, mainly through a study of ten OECD countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. It highlights key trends and successful practices.
The book records the essential discoveries of mathematical and computational scientists in chronological order, following the birth of ideas on the basis of prior ideas ad infinitum. The authors document the winding path of mathematical scholarship throughout history, and most importantly, the thought process of each individual that resulted in the mastery of their subject. The book implicitly addresses the nature and character of every scientist as one tries to understand their visible actions in both adverse and congenial environments. The authors hope that this will enable the reader to understand their mode of thinking, and perhaps even to emulate their virtues in life.
Mr. Spreadsheet has done it again with 101 easy-to-apply Excel formulas 101 Ready-to-Use Excel Formulas is filled with the most commonly-used, real-world Excel formulas that can be repurposed and put into action, saving you time and increasing your productivity. Each segment of this book outlines a common business or analysis problem that needs to be solved and provides the actual Excel formulas to solve the problem--along with detailed explanation of how the formulas work. Written in a user-friendly style that relies on a tips and tricks approach, the book details how to perform everyday Excel tasks with confidence. 101 Ready-to-Use Excel Formulas is sure to become your well-thumbed reference to solve your workplace problems. The recipes in the book are structured to first present the problem, then provide the formula solution, and finally show how it works so that it can be customized to fit your needs. The companion website to the book allows readers to easily test the formulas and provides visual confirmation of the concepts presented. Teaches you how to implement the required Excel formula Explains and details how the formulas work Lets you reuse or customize the given formula to address your particular needs Helps you make the formulas a regular part of your new, more efficient workflow Specific real-world scenarios are used to demonstrate how to most effectively apply Excel and its powerful formulas to complete tasks faster and with greater accuracy than ever before. Now you can save time, automate, and be more efficient and productive with 101 Ready-to-Use Excel Formulas.
The present edition of the book has been thoroughly revised and enlarged. Salient Features of the Book: The legal position as amended up to June 2020 is given. The law stated in the book is on the basis of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Income Tax Rules, 1962 as amended up to date, besides the Finance Act, 2020 and Circulars and Notifications issued by Central Board of Direct Taxes up to June 2020. A simplified, systematic approach to the understanding of a complex subject written in a unique, simple and easy to understand language. Each topic, after a theoretical exposition, is followed by illustrations to facilitate the students to master the practical application of Corporate Tax Law. The book is useful for the students of all professional examinations like M.B.A., C.A., C.S., ICWA, and M.Com. and the persons who are interested in Tax Planning.
The Government of Pakistan strongly supports public–private partnership (PPP) initiatives. From 1990 to 2019, Pakistan witnessed 108 financially closed PPP projects, with a total investment of approximately $28.4 billion. About 88% of these projects are in the energy sector, attracting more than $24.7billion, followed by investments in the port sector. In early 2021, Parliament approved the amendments to the 2017 PPP Law, enacting the Public Private Partnership Authority (Amendment) Act 2021. This further strengthens the enabling legal and regulatory framework for developing and implementing PPPs, thereby promoting private sector investment in public infrastructure and related services.
What is governance and how does it evolve? What are the steps involved in law-making and what often holds back its implementation? Do the legislature and the executive relate to the rapidly changing democratic politics? Can the globally hailed policy theories work in India? This short introduction addresses such debates and more through a variety of case studies. Tracing the evolution of the discipline in India, it provides a concise and lucid introduction of how policies develop, how they are implemented, as well as the techniques of evaluation and the challenges in governance facing the country.
Learn the Most Popular Excel Formulas Ever: VLOOKUP, IF, SUMIF, INDEX/MATCH, COUNT, plus Many More! You'll learn to apply the Top Excel Formulas to make your data analysis easier.
This short, concise work examines alternative paths to economic development-with special reference to the Indian context-from a broad general perspective that relies on theoretical analysis and historical, contemporary development experience, simplified for the non-specialist reader. It first examines alternative meanings of development, distinguishing between the growth of income and production, poverty and distributional issues, happiness, and human functionings and capabilities, and assesses India's performance in terms of these alternative indicators. The book also analyses the main obstacles to economic development that have been identified by development scholars and practitioners, distinguishing between domestic economic factors (such as low levels of domestic saving and investment, inefficiency and stagnant technology, and poverty and inequality), international factors (such as international trade, investment and technology transfers), and non-economic factors (such as historical, political, cultural and social). Finally, it discusses the main strategies for economic development, reviewing debates about the roles of free market and the state, autarkic and open economy approaches, a focus on growth versus a focus on distribution and human development, among others, while arguing against a doctrinaire neoliberal strategy and favouring a balanced approach that pays careful attention to country and time-specific factors.