Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified

Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified

Author: Bar-Giora Goldberg

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2000-02-20

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0080504299

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· In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures· Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projectsDigital frequency synthesis is used in modern wireless and communications technologies such as radar, cellular telephony, satellite communications, electronic imaging, and spectroscopy. This is book is a comprehensive overview of digital frequency synthesis theory and applications, with a particular emphasis on the latest approaches using fractional-N phase-locked loop technology. In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projects


Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers

Author: Venceslav F. Kroupa

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1998-11-18

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 0780334388

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With the advent of integrated circuits (IC), digital systems havebecome widely used in modern electronic devices, includingcommunications and measurement equipment. Direct Digital FrequencySynthesizers (DDS) are used in communications as transmitterexciters and local oscillators in receivers. The advantages aresuperior frequency stability, the same as that of the driving clockoscillator, and short switching times. The difficulties are loweroutput frequencies and rather large spurious signals. Compiled for practicing engineers who do not have theprerequisite of a specialist's knowledge in Direct DigitalFrequency Synthesizers (DDS), this collection of 40 importantreprinted papers and 9 never-before published contributionspresents a comprehensive introduction to DDS properties and a clearunderstanding of actual devices. The information in this volume canlead to easier computer simulations and improved designs. Featured topics include: * Discussion of principles and state of the art of wide-rangeDDS * Investigation of spurious signals in DDS * Combination of DDS with Phase Lock Loops (PLL) * Examination of phase and background 'noise' in DDS * Introduction to Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) * Analysis of mathematics of quasiperiodic omission ofpulses DDFS can also serve as a textbook for students seeking essentialbackground theory.


All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS

All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS

Author: Robert Bogdan Staszewski

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-09-22

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 0470041943

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A new and innovative paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design Learn the techniques for designing and implementing an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer. In contrast to traditional RF techniques, this innovative book sets forth digitally intensive design techniques that lead the way to the development of low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated circuits for RF functions in deep submicron CMOS processes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate how the architecture enables readers to integrate an RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die using standard ASIC design flow. Taking a bottom-up approach that progressively builds skills and knowledge, the book begins with an introduction to basic concepts of frequency synthesis and then guides the reader through an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer design: Chapter 2 presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which is the foundation of a novel architecture, and introduces a time-domain model used for analysis and VHDL simulation Chapter 3 adds a hierarchical layer of arithmetic abstraction to the DCO that makes it easier to operate algorithmically Chapter 4 builds a phase correction mechanism around the DCO such that the system's frequency drift or wander performance matches that of the stable external frequency reference Chapter 5 presents an application of the all-digital RF synthesizer Chapter 6 describes the behavioral modeling and simulation methodology used in design The final chapter presents the implementation of a full transmitter and experimental results. The novel ideas presented here have been implemented and proven in two high-volume, commercial single-chip radios developed at Texas Instruments: Bluetooth and GSM. While the focus of the book is on RF frequency synthesizer design, the techniques can be applied to the design of other digitally assisted analog circuits as well. This book is a must-read for students and engineers who want to learn a new paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design using digitally intensive design techniques.


Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock

Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock

Author: William F. Egan

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-08-09

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 0470915668

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The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta, Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen in popularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital nature and its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, this timely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta by pairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses both sigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner to sigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailed simulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs are produced at the synthesizer output by the basic process and different methods for overcoming them. It investigates how various defects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise in the synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed, and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources by choosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architectures are then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for the preceding discussions are described, providing guidance in making use of such models for further exploration. Next, another method for achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fine resolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—is introduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered, further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push their bandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the book reviews a newly important technology that is poised to become widely used in high-production consumer electronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on various stages of development, and many related resources are available for download, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts, spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make this authoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want to achieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and an awareness of the latest developments in the field.


Frequency Synthesizers

Frequency Synthesizers

Author: Vadim Manassewitsch

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Published: 2005-09-26

Total Pages: 628

ISBN-13:

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The landmark text on frequency synthesizers-now in paperback Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Third Edition is the newest edition of Vadim Manassewitsch's definitive treatment of the subject. Updated to include the latest achievements in the performance of crystal-controlled oscillators, the design theory of fast-switching-time synthesizers, and an example of their practical applications, the book continues to be a complete guide for everyone who works with synthesizers. Intended to formulate basic design principles and to demonstrate design procedures meeting several stringent requirements simultaneously, its emphasis is on high-speed synthesis and its new applications in radar, spread spectrum communications, automatic test equipment, and nuclear magnetic resources. Manassewitsch describes numerous approaches to ultra-stable signal sources generating spectrally pure signals of high accuracy, and shows how various building blocks such as mixers, oscillators, and frequency multipliers and dividers are used in frequency synthesis. To meet the needs of engineers in this rapidly growing field, Manassewitsch has added several novel frequency synthesis techniques, developed the principles of high-speed synthesis, and described new synthesizers using important design approaches. A summary of the most recent developments in frequency generation and control, the book is firmly based on the realities of current design practices in the United States as well as abroad. With an intermodulation products chart among its figures, a computer program that calculates the frequencies of mixer intermodulation products among its appendices, and a bibliography of more than 190 references, Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design continues to be an invaluable aid for engineers, managers, instructors, and students.


Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops

Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops

Author: Daniel B. Talbot

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-10-09

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 1118168100

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How to acquire the input frequency from an unlocked state A phase locked loop (PLL) by itself cannot become useful until it has acquired the applied signal's frequency. Often, a PLL will never reach frequency acquisition (capture) without explicit assistive circuits. Curiously, few books on PLLs treat the topic of frequency acquisition in any depth or detail. Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops offers a no-nonsense treatment that is equally useful for engineers, technicians, and managers. Since mathematical rigor for its own sake can degenerate into intellectual "rigor mortis," the author introduces readers to the basics and delivers useful information with clear language and minimal mathematics. With most of the approaches having been developed through years of experience, this completely practical guide explores methods for achieving the locked state in a variety of conditions as it examines: Performance limitations of phase/frequency detector–based phase locked loops The quadricorrelator method for both continuous and sampled modes Sawtooth ramp-and-sample phase detector and how its waveform contains frequency error information that can be extracted The benefits of a self-sweeping, self-extinguishing topology Sweep methods using quadrature mixer-based lock detection The use of digital implementations versus analog Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops is an important resource for RF/microwave engineers, in particular, circuit designers; practicing electronics engineers involved in frequency synthesis, phase locked loops, carrier or clock recovery loops, radio-frequency integrated circuit design, and aerospace electronics; and managers wanting to understand the technology of phase locked loops and frequency acquisition assistance techniques or jitter attenuating loops. Errata can be found by visiting the Book Support Site at: http://booksupport.wiley.com


Digital Synthesizers and Transmitters for Software Radio

Digital Synthesizers and Transmitters for Software Radio

Author: Jouko Vankka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-10-25

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 1402031955

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The approach adopted in Digital Synthesizers and Transmitters for Software Radio will provide an understanding of key areas in the field of digital synthesizers and transmitters. It is easy to include different digital techniques in the digital synthesizers and transmitters by using digital signal processing methods, because the signal is in digital form. By programming the digital synthesizers and transmitters, adaptive channel bandwidths, modulation formats, frequency hopping and data rates are easily achieved. Techniques such as digital predistortion for power amplifier linearization, digital compensation methods for analog I/Q modulator nonlinearities and digital power control and ramping are presented in this book. The flexibility of the digital synthesizers and transmitters makes them ideal as signal generators for software radio. Software radios represent a major change in the design paradigm for radios in which a large portion of the functionality is implemented through programmable signal processing devices, giving the radio the ability to change its operating parameters to accommodate new features and capabilities. A software radio approach reduces the content of radio frequency (RF) and other analog components of traditional radios and emphasizes digital signal processing to enhance overall transmitter flexibility. Software radios are emerging in commercial and military infrastructure.


Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers

Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers

Author: Ulrich L. Rohde

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1997-08-25

Total Pages: 664

ISBN-13: 9780471520191

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Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the technology of microwave oscillators and synthesizers, with digital frequency synthesizers in particular attracting much attention. These synthesizers are now being used in virtually all modern signal generators and radio communication equipment. Until now, however, detailed information about their design has been hard to come by-much of it scattered through journal articles-and most books on the subject have taken a primarily theoretical approach. Enter Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers-the first book to emphasize both practical circuit information from RF to millimeter-wave frequencies and up-to-date theory. Based on course material taught by author Ulrich L. Rohde at George Washington University and recent work done by the author at Compact Software, Inc. and Synergy Microwave Corporation, this volume is a complete revision and update of Rohde's landmark text, Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design. While it provides all the necessary theory and formulas, it also offers an in-depth look at the practical side of the phase-lock loop (PLL) in synthesizers-including special loops, loop components, and practical circuits-material that is not available in any other book. Rohde explains loop fundamentals, demonstrates the linear approach to oscillator phase noise, discusses the digital direct synthesizer technique, addresses low noise oscillator design, and provides insight into the role and design of crystal oscillators, mixers, phase/frequency discriminators, wideband high-gain amplifiers, programmable dividers, and loop filters. He goes on to cover conventional multiloop synthesizers and survey existing state-of-the-art microwave synthesizer applications. Extensive appendices review the mathematics of useful functions and various applications, including even the complex nonlinear theory of noise in large signal systems such as mixers and oscillators. Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers allows anyone with a PC running either Windows 3.11 or Windows NT to explore real-world design. It uses programs for the solution of digital phase-lock loop systems, tabulates the results, and shows how Bode diagrams are determined by the computer's graphic capabilities. It also includes examples using commercially available linear and nonlinear CAD programs to provide accurate evaluation and optimization of oscillators and other useful circuits and many practical charts. For companies involved in test and communication equipment, this book reduces design and research costs by providing a large number of proven circuits and expediting the design process. It is also an outstanding senior/graduate level textbook for electrical engineering students and an invaluable resource for practicing engineers, senior engineers, and managers who would like to be able to evaluate new trends and techniques in the field.


Direct Digital Synthesizers

Direct Digital Synthesizers

Author: Jouko Vankka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 147573395X

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A major advantage of a direct digital synthesizer is that its output frequency, phase and amplitude can be precisely and rapidly manipulated under digital processor control. This book was written to find possible applications for radio communication systems.