Next, in order to further improvement, we develop a method that is a combination of adaptive decision feedback equalizer and SI cancellation (ADFE-SIC) to jointly eliminate the ISI and SI. An RLS algorithm is employed to adaptively estimate the filters in ADFE-SIC. By conducting simulations and experimental tests, we show that the ADFE-SIC method outperforms our previous approach in which equalization and SI cancellation tasks are performed separately.
Underwater acoustic digital signal processing and communications is an area of applied research that has witnessed major advances over the past decade. Rapid developments in this area were made possible by the use of powerful digital signal processors (DSPs) whose speed, computational power and portability allowed efficient implementation of complex signal processing algorithms and experimental demonstration of their performance in a variety of underwater environments. The early results served as a motivation for the development of new and improved signal processing methods for underwater applications, which today range from classical of autonomous underwater vehicles and sonar signal processing, to remote control underwater wireless communications. This book presents the diverse areas of underwater acoustic signal processing and communication systems through a collection of contributions from prominent researchers in these areas. Their results, both new and those published over the past few years, have been assembled to provide what we hope is a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field. The book is intended for a general audience of researchers, engineers and students working in the areas of underwater acoustic signal processing. It requires the reader to have a basic understanding of the digital signal processing concepts. Each topic is treated from a theoretical perspective, followed by practical implementation details. We hope that the book can serve both as a study text and an academic reference.
Digital Underwater Acoustic Communications focuses on describing the differences between underwater acoustic communication channels and radio channels, discusses loss of transmitted sound in underwater acoustic channels, describes digital underwater acoustic communication signal processing, and provides a comprehensive reference to digital underwater acoustic communication equipment. This book is designed to serve as a reference for postgraduate students and practicing engineers involved in the design and analysis of underwater acoustic communications systems as well as for engineers involved in underwater acoustic engineering. Introduces the basics of underwater acoustics, along with the advanced functionalities needed to achieve reliable communications in underwater environment Identifies challenges in underwater acoustic channels relative to radio channels, underwater acoustic propagation, and solutions Shows how multi-path structures can be thought of as time diversity signals Presents a new, robust signal processing system, and an advanced FH-SS system for multimedia underwater acoustic communications with moderate communication ranges (above 20km) and rates (above 600bps) Describes the APNFM system for underwater acoustic communication equipment (including both civil and military applications), to be employed in active sonar to improve its performance
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the detection and processing of signals in underwater acoustics. Background material on active and passive sonar systems, underwater acoustics, and statistical signal processing makes the book a self-contained and valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and active practitioners alike. Signal detection topics span a range of common signal types including signals of known form such as active sonar or communications signals; signals of unknown form, including passive sonar and narrowband signals; and transient signals such as marine mammal vocalizations. This text, along with its companion volume on beamforming, provides a thorough treatment of underwater acoustic signal processing that speaks to its author’s broad experience in the field.
In-band full-duplex (IBFD) communications is a promising technique for increased spectral efficiency. This dissertation investigates IBFD acoustic communications in the underwater environment. Four research thrusts are investigated. Due to the absence of near-field acoustic propagation models, these efforts are supported by extensive field tests in local rivers and lakes. Firstly, the near-field SI characteristics were analyzed at multiple acoustic frequencies. The SI cancellation performance deteriorated with the increased signal carrier frequency. Fast channel fluctuations were identified as the reason for the deterioration. The channel variation ratio (CVR) was proposed to quantify the intensity of channel fluctuations. Experimental and simulated results showed that CVRs were larger at higher acoustic frequencies, and large CVRs led to the deteriorated SI suppression. Secondly, the impact of channel fluctuations on the performance of the least-squares channel estimator was quantified. The channel estimation performance, measured by the channel estimation mean squared error (MSE) and the signal prediction error (SPE), was linked with the CVR by analytic expressions. Both the MSE and SPE had an error floor for time-varying impulse responses. It was confirmed that an optimum estimated channel length, achieving the minimum estimation error, existed for time-varying impulse responses. Next, multiple SI suppression methods, including physical separation, digital SI cancellation, directional transducers, and acoustic baffles, were investigated through field experiments. It was found that a 7-m physical separation provided a maximum SI reduction of 32.6 dB. The achieved digital SI cancellation decreased with the increased physical separation ranges. Marginal SI suppression was observed with directional transducers and acoustic baffles. Lastly, an iterative IBFD receiver was developed for IBFD acoustic communications. A control mechanism was used to regulate the digital SI cancellation. The SI cancellation control mechanism and the receiver performance were evaluated by the experimental measurements. A bit error rate (BER) in the order of 10^-2 was achieved at the range of 80 m for IBFD communications with the 28-kHz carrier frequency in a lake environment. With a lower carrier frequency of 10 kHz, a similar BER was demonstrated at the extended range of 100 m with a smaller receiving array.
The field of acoustic engineering has many various potential applications, such as in ocean science research and homeland security. This book provides cutting-edge knowledge in current techniques and technologies, such as the adaptive technique for underwater communication, array processing and the CI/OFDM system. One chapter takes inspiration from the natural world in proposing a new bio-inspired ranging approach for resolution purposes. Technologies such as high-resolution array processing methods can also be used to locate underwater objects in sediment, as one chapter shows. Finally, two contributions cover the applications of narrowband interference suppression and iterative equalization, and decoding schemes. Given the scope of the book, it will be required reading for researchers and engineers in the field.
This textbook covers all related communication technologies of underwater wireless communication, such as acoustic communication, optical communication, and magneto-inductive communication. After describing each technology, the authors relay their pros and cons, as it is essential to learn the underlying mechanism, advancements, and limitations of these techniques. Therefore, this book provides basics fundamentals of the three technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications. The authors also introduce research trends, pointing readers in the direction of research in the field of underwater wireless communication. The book is an essential textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of underwater communications. The book is also useful as a reference to undergraduate engineering students, science students, and practicing engineers. The book includes end-of-chapter questions and numerical problems.
The comprehensive research activity around the World in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing being strongly supported by new experimental technique and equipment and by the parallel fast developments in computer technology and solid state devices, which has led to a rapidly reducing cost of digital processing thus enabling more complex processing to be carried out economically, emphasize how necessary it is at intervals of a few years through a NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO ASI) and guided by leading experts to study the conquests in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing. This need of study is moreover stressed by the interdisciplina rity of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing, where a strong impact from other branches of science, - Geophysics, Radioastronomy, Bioengineering, Telecommunication, Seismology, Space Research etc. - is taking place, which makes it an extre mely difficult task for scientists to follow-up the development in all its phases and to preserve the general view of its rapid ly increasing number of possibilities. The present Proceedings of the NATO ASI held in Copenhagen during August 1980 join the series of proceedings of NATO summer schools on Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing held during the past 20 years. The equality and the fusion of the individual research fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing and the separate introduction of advanced research results from other scientific areas related to underwater acoustics such as transducers characterize the subject matter of this NATO ASI.
