This book examines the digitalization of rock scour engineering at dams and hydraulic structures. It outlines the current digitalization (technologies, applications, issues) in rock engineering, as well as the digital evolution that has strongly characterized the development of computational methods in state-of-the-art rock scour over recent years. The challenges of rock scour digitalization are also discussed, such as parametric standardization, real-time data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, quantitative rock mass indices, new ways of thinking, and digital twin implementation. Further, it presents the major components and characteristics that are needed to develop an environment that implements rock scour digitally into dam safety procedures and dam risk analyses, such as IT platforms, database availability, topology, physics, computational methods, phase coupling, accessibility, portability, reliability, real-time and ahead-of-time implementations, and more
This book examines the digitalization of rock scour engineering at dams and hydraulic structures. It outlines the current digitalization (technologies, applications, issues) in rock engineering, as well as the digital evolution that has strongly characterized the development of computational methods in state-of-the-art rock scour over recent years. The challenges of rock scour digitalization are also discussed, such as parametric standardization, real-time data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, quantitative rock mass indices, new ways of thinking and digital twin implementation. Further, it presents the major components and characteristics that are needed to develop an environment that implements rock scour digitally into dam safety procedures and dam risk analyses, such as IT platforms, database availability, topology, physics, computational methods, phase coupling, accessibility, portability, reliability, real-time and ahead-of-time implementations and more. Features: Provides an overview of physics-based computational methods that have been developed by the engineering community over the last 20 years, which can easily be implemented digitally into cloud-based platforms. Offers examples of the next-generation computational environment, combining both real-time computational power and an up-to-date scour database allowing new parametric refinements. Includes several case studies of real-life rock scour. Presents the latest Digital Twin developments, which are novel and new to dam operations.
Today, new and unexpected challenges arise for Europe’s large array of existing dams, and fresh perspectives on the development of new projects for supporting Europe’s energy transition have emerged. In this context, the 12th ICOLD European Club Symposium has been held in September 2023, in Interlaken, Switzerland. The overarching Symposium theme was on the "Role of dams and reservoirs in a successful energy transition". The articles collected in this report book (consisting of a 250-page abstract book and a 1010-page full paper USB) cover the various themes developed during the symposium: - Dams and reservoirs for hydropower - Dams and reservoirs for climate change adaptation - Impact mitigation of dams and reservoirs - How to deal with ageing dams In conjunction with the Symposium, the 75th anniversary of the Swiss Committee on Dams offered an excellent opportunity to not only draw from the retrospective of Switzerland’s extensive history of dam development, but to also reveal perspectives on the new role of dams for a reliable and affordable energy transition. These aspects are illustrated by several articles covering the various activities, challenges, and concerns of the dam community.
"This report provides a methodology for estimating the time rate of scour and the design scour depth for a bridge founded on rock, as well as design and construction guidelines for application of the methodology. It will be of interest to hydraulic, bridge, and geotechnical engineers responsible for designing bridge foundations on rock or maintenance engineers concerned about existing bridges founded on erodible rock."--Foreword.
"River bridge scour is an erosion process in which flowing water removes sediment materials (such as sand, rocks) from a bridge foundation, river beds and banks. As a result, the level of the river bed near a bridge pier is lowering such that the bridge foundation stability can be compromised, and the bridge can collapse. The scour is a dynamic process, which can accelerate rapidly during a flood event. Thus, regular monitoring of the scour progress is necessary to be performed at most river bridges. Present techniques are usually expensive, require large man/hour efforts, and often lack the real-time monitoring capabilities. In this dissertation a new method - 'Smart Rocks Network for bridge scour monitoring' is introduced. The method is based on distributed wireless sensors embedded in ground underwater nearby the bridge pillars. The sensor nodes are unconstrained in movement, are equipped with years-lasting batteries and intelligent custom designed electronics, which minimizes power consumption during operation and communication. The electronic part consists of a microcontroller, communication interfaces, orientation and environment sensors (such as are accelerometer, magnetometer, temperature and pressure sensors), supporting power supplies and circuitries. Embedded in the soil nearby a bridge pillar the Smart Rocks can move/drift together with the sediments, and act as the free agent probes transmitting the unique signature signals to the base-station monitors. Individual movement of a Smart Rock can be remotely detected processing the orientation sensors reading. This can give an indication of the on-going scour progress, and set a flag for the on-site inspection. The map of the deployed Smart Rocks Network can be obtained utilizing the custom developed in-network communication protocol with signals intensity (RSSI) analysis. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied for map reconstruction. Analysis of the map can provide detailed insight into the scour progress and topology. Smart Rocks Network wireless communication is based on the magneto-inductive (MI) link, at low (125 KHz) frequency, allowing for signal to penetrate through the water, rocks, and the bridge structure. The dissertation describes the Smart Rocks Network implementation, its electronic design and the electromagnetic/computational intelligence techniques used for the network mapping"--Abstract, page iii.
These proceedings include digital media with the full conference papers (3600+ pages). Sustainable and Safe Dams Around the World contains the contributions presented at the 2019 Symposium of the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD 2019, Ottawa, Canada, 9-14 June 2019). The main topics of the book include: 1. Innovation (recent advancements and techniques for investigations, design, construction, operation and maintenance of water or tailings dams and spillways) 2. Sustainable Development (planning, design, construction, operation, decommissioning and closure management strategies for water resources or tailings dams, e.g. climate change, sedimentation, environmental protection, risk management). 3. Hazards (design mitigation and management of hazards to water or tailings dams, appurtenant structures, spillways and reservoirs (e.g. floods, seismic, landslides). 4. Extreme Conditions (management for water or tailings dams (e.g. permafrost and ice loading, arid/wet climates, geo-hazards). 5. Tailings (design, construction, operation and closure for tailings dams; recent advancements and best practice) Sustainable and Safe Dams Around the World will be invaluable to academics and professionals interested or involved in dams. Un monde de barrages durables et sécuritaires contiennent les contributions présentées lors du symposium de 2019 de la Commission internationale des grands barrages (CIGB 2019, Ottawa, Canada, 9-14 juin 2019). Les principaux sujets du livre incluent: 1. Innovation (Avancées et techniques récentes pour l’investigation, la conception, la construction, l’exploitation et l’entretien de barrages hydrauliques, de barrages de stériles et d’évacuateurs de crues) 2. Développement durable (stratégies de gestion pour la planification, la conception, la construction, l’exploitation, la mise hors service et la fermeture de barrages hydrauliques ou des barrages de stériles, par exemple, changement climatique, sédimentation, protection de l’environnement, gestion des risques). 3. Risques (mesures d’atténuation et gestion des risques liés aux barrages hydrauliques et barrages de stériles, aux ouvrages annexes, aux évacuateurs de crues et aux réservoirs, par exemple, inondations, tremblements de terre, glissements de terrain). 4. Environnement extrême (gestion des barrages hydrauliques et barrages de stériles, par exemple, pergélisol et charge de glace, climats secs / humides, géorisques). 5. Barrages de stériles (conception, construction, exploitation et fermeture des barrages de stériles; avancées récentes et meilleures pratiques). Un monde de barrages durables et sécuritaires seront d'une valeur inestimable pour les universitaires et les professionnels intéressés ou impliqués dans les barrages.
In the last decades, the technology of dam protection has undergone major advancements. The increasing demand for safety in modern society has created the need for cost-effective measures to protect critical infrastructure such as dams. This situation has resulted in the drafting of new regulations and technical manuals in countries like Norway, Sw
