All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS

All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS

Author: Robert Bogdan Staszewski

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-09-22

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 0470041943

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A new and innovative paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design Learn the techniques for designing and implementing an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer. In contrast to traditional RF techniques, this innovative book sets forth digitally intensive design techniques that lead the way to the development of low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated circuits for RF functions in deep submicron CMOS processes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate how the architecture enables readers to integrate an RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die using standard ASIC design flow. Taking a bottom-up approach that progressively builds skills and knowledge, the book begins with an introduction to basic concepts of frequency synthesis and then guides the reader through an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer design: Chapter 2 presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which is the foundation of a novel architecture, and introduces a time-domain model used for analysis and VHDL simulation Chapter 3 adds a hierarchical layer of arithmetic abstraction to the DCO that makes it easier to operate algorithmically Chapter 4 builds a phase correction mechanism around the DCO such that the system's frequency drift or wander performance matches that of the stable external frequency reference Chapter 5 presents an application of the all-digital RF synthesizer Chapter 6 describes the behavioral modeling and simulation methodology used in design The final chapter presents the implementation of a full transmitter and experimental results. The novel ideas presented here have been implemented and proven in two high-volume, commercial single-chip radios developed at Texas Instruments: Bluetooth and GSM. While the focus of the book is on RF frequency synthesizer design, the techniques can be applied to the design of other digitally assisted analog circuits as well. This book is a must-read for students and engineers who want to learn a new paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design using digitally intensive design techniques.


Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers

Author: Venceslav F. Kroupa

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1998-11-18

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 0780334388

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With the advent of integrated circuits (IC), digital systems havebecome widely used in modern electronic devices, includingcommunications and measurement equipment. Direct Digital FrequencySynthesizers (DDS) are used in communications as transmitterexciters and local oscillators in receivers. The advantages aresuperior frequency stability, the same as that of the driving clockoscillator, and short switching times. The difficulties are loweroutput frequencies and rather large spurious signals. Compiled for practicing engineers who do not have theprerequisite of a specialist's knowledge in Direct DigitalFrequency Synthesizers (DDS), this collection of 40 importantreprinted papers and 9 never-before published contributionspresents a comprehensive introduction to DDS properties and a clearunderstanding of actual devices. The information in this volume canlead to easier computer simulations and improved designs. Featured topics include: * Discussion of principles and state of the art of wide-rangeDDS * Investigation of spurious signals in DDS * Combination of DDS with Phase Lock Loops (PLL) * Examination of phase and background 'noise' in DDS * Introduction to Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) * Analysis of mathematics of quasiperiodic omission ofpulses DDFS can also serve as a textbook for students seeking essentialbackground theory.


Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified

Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified

Author: Bar-Giora Goldberg

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2000-02-20

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0080504299

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· In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures· Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projectsDigital frequency synthesis is used in modern wireless and communications technologies such as radar, cellular telephony, satellite communications, electronic imaging, and spectroscopy. This is book is a comprehensive overview of digital frequency synthesis theory and applications, with a particular emphasis on the latest approaches using fractional-N phase-locked loop technology. In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projects


CMOS PLL Synthesizers: Analysis and Design

CMOS PLL Synthesizers: Analysis and Design

Author: Keliu Shu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-01-20

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 0387236694

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Thanks to the advance of semiconductor and communication technology, the wireless communication market has been booming in the last two decades. It evolved from simple pagers to emerging third-generation (3G) cellular phones. In the meanwhile, broadband communication market has also gained a rapid growth. As the market always demands hi- performance and low-cost products, circuit designers are seeking hi- integration communication devices in cheap CMOS technology. The phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer is a critical component in communication devices. It works as a local oscillator for frequency translation and channel selection in wireless transceivers and broadband cable tuners. It also plays an important role as the clock synthesizer for data converters in the analog-and-digital signal interface. This book covers the design and analysis of PLL synthesizers. It includes both fundamentals and a review of the state-of-the-art techniques. The transient analysis of the third-order charge-pump PLL reveals its locking behavior accurately. The behavioral-level simulation of PLL further clarifies its stability limit. Design examples are given to clearly illustrate the design procedure of PLL synthesizers. A complete derivation of reference spurs in the charge-pump PLL is also presented in this book. The in-depth investigation of the digital CA modulator for fractional-N synthesizers provides insightful design guidelines for this important block.


Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications

Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications

Author: Donald R. Stephens

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-05-08

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 0306473143

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Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications: Digitial, Analog and Optical Implementations, Second Edition presents a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops from analog implementations to digital and optical designs. The text establishes a thorough foundation of continuous-time analysis techniques and maintains a consistent notation as discrete-time and non-uniform sampling are presented. New to this edition is a complete treatment of charge pumps and the complementary sequential phase detector. Another important change is the increased use of MATLAB®, implemented to provide more familiar graphics and reader-derived phase-locked loop simulation. Frequency synthesizers and digital divider analysis/techniques have been added to this second edition. Perhaps most distinctive is the chapter on optical phase-locked loops that begins with sections discussing components such as lasers and photodetectors and finishing with homodyne and heterodyne loops. Starting with a historical overview, presenting analog, digital, and optical PLLs, discussing phase noise analysis, and including circuits/algorithms for data synchronization, this volume contains new techniques being used in this field. Highlights of the Second Edition: Development of phase-locked loops from analog to digital and optical, with consistent notation throughout; Expanded coverage of the loop filters used to design second and third order PLLs; Design examples on delay-locked loops used to synchronize circuits on CPUs and ASICS; New material on digital dividers that dominate a frequency synthesizer's noise floor. Techniques to analytically estimate the phase noise of a divider; Presentation of optical phase-locked loops with primers on the optical components and fundamentals of optical mixing; Section on automatic frequency control to provide frequency-locking of the lasers instead of phase-locking; Presentation of charge pumps, counters, and delay-locked loops. The Second Edition includes the essential topics needed by wireless, optics, and the traditional phase-locked loop specialists to design circuits and software algorithms. All of the material has been updated throughout the book.


Phase-locked Loops

Phase-locked Loops

Author: Roland E. Best

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780079113863

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Unique book/disk set that makes PLL circuit design easier than ever. Table of Contents: PLL Fundamentals; Classification of PLL Types; The Linear PLL (LPLL); The Classical Digital PLL (DPLL); The All-Digital PLL (ADPLL); The Software PLL (SPLL); State Of The Art of Commercial PLL Integrated Circuits; Appendices; Index. Includes a 5 1/4" disk. 100 illustrations.


Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers

Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers

Author: Ulrich L. Rohde

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1997-08-25

Total Pages: 664

ISBN-13: 9780471520191

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Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the technology of microwave oscillators and synthesizers, with digital frequency synthesizers in particular attracting much attention. These synthesizers are now being used in virtually all modern signal generators and radio communication equipment. Until now, however, detailed information about their design has been hard to come by-much of it scattered through journal articles-and most books on the subject have taken a primarily theoretical approach. Enter Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers-the first book to emphasize both practical circuit information from RF to millimeter-wave frequencies and up-to-date theory. Based on course material taught by author Ulrich L. Rohde at George Washington University and recent work done by the author at Compact Software, Inc. and Synergy Microwave Corporation, this volume is a complete revision and update of Rohde's landmark text, Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design. While it provides all the necessary theory and formulas, it also offers an in-depth look at the practical side of the phase-lock loop (PLL) in synthesizers-including special loops, loop components, and practical circuits-material that is not available in any other book. Rohde explains loop fundamentals, demonstrates the linear approach to oscillator phase noise, discusses the digital direct synthesizer technique, addresses low noise oscillator design, and provides insight into the role and design of crystal oscillators, mixers, phase/frequency discriminators, wideband high-gain amplifiers, programmable dividers, and loop filters. He goes on to cover conventional multiloop synthesizers and survey existing state-of-the-art microwave synthesizer applications. Extensive appendices review the mathematics of useful functions and various applications, including even the complex nonlinear theory of noise in large signal systems such as mixers and oscillators. Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers allows anyone with a PC running either Windows 3.11 or Windows NT to explore real-world design. It uses programs for the solution of digital phase-lock loop systems, tabulates the results, and shows how Bode diagrams are determined by the computer's graphic capabilities. It also includes examples using commercially available linear and nonlinear CAD programs to provide accurate evaluation and optimization of oscillators and other useful circuits and many practical charts. For companies involved in test and communication equipment, this book reduces design and research costs by providing a large number of proven circuits and expediting the design process. It is also an outstanding senior/graduate level textbook for electrical engineering students and an invaluable resource for practicing engineers, senior engineers, and managers who would like to be able to evaluate new trends and techniques in the field.


Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops

Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops

Author: Behzad Razavi

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-01-30

Total Pages: 509

ISBN-13: 1108494544

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This modern, pedagogic textbook from leading author Behzad Razavi provides a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to CMOS PLL design, featuring intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, extensive circuit simulations, over 200 worked examples, and 250 end-of-chapter problems. The perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate students.


Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

Author: Roland Best

Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional

Published: 2003-07-11

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 0071501231

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Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are electronic circuits used for frequency control. Anything using radio waves, from simple radios and cell phones to sophisticated military communications gear uses PLLs.The communications industry’s big move into wireless in the past two years has made this mature topic red hot again. The fifth edition of this classic circuit reference comes complete with extremely valuable PLL design software written by Dr. Best. The software alone is worth many times the price of the book. The new edition also includes new chapters on frequency synthesis, CAD for PLLs, mixed-signal PLLs, and a completely new collection of sample communications applications.