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Author: Andreas von Baron BAUMGARTNER
Publisher:
Published: 1842
Total Pages: 938
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Kenneth L. Caneva
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2021-08-03
Total Pages: 759
ISBN-13: 0262363844
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAn examination of the sources Helmholtz drew upon for his formulation of the conservation of energy and the impact of his work on nineteenth-century physics. In 1847, Herman Helmholtz, arguably the most important German physicist of the nineteenth century, published his formulation of what became known as the conservation of energy--unarguably the most important single development in physics of that century, transforming what had been a conglomeration of separate topics into a coherent field unified by the concept of energy. In Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy, Kenneth Caneva offers a detailed account of Helmholtz's work on the subject, the sources that he drew upon, the varying responses to his work from scientists of the era, and the impact on physics as a discipline. Caneva describes the set of abiding concerns that prompted Helmholtz's work, including his rejection of the idea of a work-performing vital force, and investigates Helmholtz's relationship to both an older generation of physicists and an emerging community of reformist physiologists. He analyzes Helmholtz's indebtedness to Johannes Müller and Justus Liebig and discusses Helmholtz's tense and ambivalent relationship to the work of Robert Mayer, who had earlier proposed the uncreatability, indestructibility, and transformability of "force." Caneva examines Helmholtz's continued engagement with the subject, his role in the acceptance of the conservation of energy as the central principle of physics, and the eventual incorporation of the principle in textbooks as established science.
Author: Christa Jungnickel
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 1990-09-15
Total Pages: 378
ISBN-13: 0226415821
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChristina Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach have created in these two volumes a panoramic history of German theoretical physics. Bridging social, institutional, and intellectual history, they chronicle the work of the researchers who, from the first years of the nineteenth century, strove for an intellectual mastery of nature. Volume 1 opens with an account of physics in Germany at the beginning of the nineteenth century and of German physicists' reception of foreign mathematical and experimental work. Jungnickel and McCormmach follow G. S. Ohm, Wilhelm Weber, Franz Neumann, and others as these scientists work out the new possibilities for physics, introduce student laboratories and instruction in mathematical physics, organize societies and journals, and establish and advance major theories of classical physics. Before the end of the nineteenth century, German physics and its offspring, theoretical physics, had acquired nearly their present organizational forms. The foundations of the classical picture of the physical world had been securely laid, preparing the way for the developments that are the subject of volume 2.
Author: Garrigue & Christern
Publisher:
Published: 1858
Total Pages: 470
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Christa Jungnickel
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2017-06-10
Total Pages: 479
ISBN-13: 3319495658
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explores the rise of theoretical physics in 19th century Germany. The authors show how the junior second physicist in German universities over time became the theoretical physicist, of equal standing to the experimental physicist. Gustav Kirchhoff, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Max Planck are among the great German theoretical physicists whose work and career are examined in this book. Physics was then the only natural science in which theoretical work developed into a major teaching and research specialty in its own right. Readers will discover how German physicists arrived at a well-defined field of theoretical physics with well understood and generally accepted goals and needs. The authors explain the nature of the work of theoretical physics with many examples, taking care always to locate the research within the workplace. The book is a revised and shortened version of Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, a two-volume work by the same authors. This new edition represents a reformulation of the larger work. It retains what is most important in the original work, while including new material, sharpening discussions, and making the research more accessible to readers. It presents a thorough examination of a seminal era in physics.
Author: N. Kipnis
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 268
ISBN-13: 3034886527
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe controversy between the wave theory and the emission theory of light early in the nineteenth century has been a subject of numerous studies. Yet many is sues remain unclear, in particular, the reasons for rejecting Young's theory of light. It appears that further progress in the field requires a better grasp of the overall situation in optics and related subjects at the time and a more thorough study of every factor suggested to be of importance for the dispute. This book is intended to be a step in this direction. It examines the impact of the concept of interference of light on the development of the early nineteenth century optics in general, and the theory of light, in particular. This is not a his tory of the wave theory of light, nor is it a history of the debate on the nature of light in general: it covers only that part of the controversy which involved the concept of interference. Although the book deals with a number of scientists, scientific institutions, and journals, its main character is a scientific concept, the principle of interference. While discussing the reasons for accepting or rejecting this concept I have primarily focused on scientific factors, although in some cases the human factor is examined as well. The book is a revised Ph. D. dissertation (University of Minnesota, 1984) writ ten under Alan E. Shapiro.
Author: Jan Klein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-08-28
Total Pages: 428
ISBN-13: 3642352545
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGregor Johann Mendel continues to fascinate the general public as well as scholars, the former for his life and the latter for his achievements. Solitude of a Humble Genius is a two-volume biography presenting Mendel in the context of the history of biology and philosophy, and in the context of the setting in which he lived and worked. In this first volume the authors set the stage for a new interpretation of Mendel’s achievements and personality. The period of Mendel’s life covered by this volume is critical to understanding why he saw what other biologists, including Charles Darwin, for example, didn’t. In searching for clues to Mendel’s thinking, the authors discuss at length the origin of his genes; the history of the region of his birth; they also spend a day and then the four seasons of the year with his family; and finally they examine the schooling he received, as well as the cultural and political influences he was exposed to. An indispensible part of the work is Norman Klein’s artwork. In this first volume alone, it comprises nearly 80 original drawings and includes cartoons that enliven the narration, scenes from Mendel’s life, portraits, and plans and drawings of the cities and buildings in which he lived, studied, and worked.
Author: Timothy Attanucci
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Published: 2020-09-21
Total Pages: 378
ISBN-13: 3110689510
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAt this moment, the concept of the Anthropocene is challenging us to rethink our relationship to the earth and its history, but we have not yet fully understood the extent to which our knowledge of earth history has shaped the historical culture of modernity. This study examines the relationship of geology — including its central narratives, metaphors, topoi, and other imaginative tools — to the broader historical imagination that has until now been called “historicism.” Two major figures in the rise of historical conservationism and aesthetic historicism in nineteenth-century Europe guide this study of geohistoricism: the Austrian writer, painter, and art conservator Adalbert Stifter, whose novel Der Nachsommer (Indian Summer, 1857) narrates the rise of geohistoricism through the friendship of a geologist and his art-historian mentor; and French architect and conservator Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, whose theoretical/abstract/imaginative understanding of “restoration,” based on the geology of Georges Cuvier, informed his practical approach. These authors reveal how geological thought provides a powerful new way to envision and reconstruct past worlds, even as it also demonstrates the erosive precariousness of our present.
Author: Anton Mayer
Publisher:
Published: 1878
Total Pages: 482
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Vítězslav Orel
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 1996
Total Pages: 384
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAn account of the scientific work of Gregor Mendel, the discoverer of the fundamental laws of heredity and the founder of modern genetics, with attention to the social and intellectual environment in which he lived and in which his ideas were received by his contemporaries and in the years following his discoveries. A few bandw illustrations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
