Geometric Description of Images as Topographic Maps
Geometric Description of Images as Topographic Maps

Author: Vicent Caselles

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2009-12-24

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 3642046118

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This book discusses the basic geometric contents of an image and presents a treedatastructuretohandleite?ciently.Itanalyzesalsosomemorphological operators that simplify this geometric contents and their implementation in termsofthe datastructuresintroduced.It?nallyreviewsseveralapplications to image comparison and registration, to edge and corner computation, and the selection of features associated to a given scale in images. Let us ?rst say that, to avoid a long list, we shall not give references in this summary; they are obviously contained in this monograph. A gray level image is usually modeled as a function de?ned in a bounded N domain D? R (typically N = 2 for usual snapshots, N=3formedical images or movies) with values in R. The sensors of a camera or a CCD array transform the continuum of light energies to a ?nite interval of values by means of a nonlinear function g. The contrast change g depends on the pr- ertiesofthesensors,butalsoontheilluminationconditionsandthere?ection propertiesofthe objects,andthoseconditionsaregenerallyunknown.Images are thus observed modulo an arbitrary and unknown contrast change.

Basic Principles of Topography
Basic Principles of Topography

Author: Blagoja Markoski

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 331972147X

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This book gives a comprehensive overview of all relevant elements in topography and their practical application. It elaborates on the classical representation of terrain on maps such as cartographic projections, together with their classification, scale, and geographical elements. It is richly illustrated with photographs, maps and figures, in which the theoretical explanations are clarified. Readers will become acquainted with the physical characteristics of the ground, i.e. tectonic and erosive shapes, the importance and classification of terrain, genetic (fluvial, abrasive, glacial, karst) and topographic types such as higher (mountains, hills, peaks) and lower terrain (valleys, fields). In addition, the book discusses cartometry and coordinate systems, orientation in space (geographic, topographic, tactical) including by means of maps, instruments and the night sky and elaborates new techniques and technologies such as aerial photogrammetric imagery, global navigation satellite systems and LiDAR. The book also includes methods for the practical execution of concrete measurement operations, such as determining position and movement on land with maps, compass and azimuth which makes it especially useful for practitioners and professionals, e.g., for landscape planning, military exercises, mountaineering, nature walks etc. As such it offers a valuable guide not only for undergraduate students but also for researchers in the fields of geography, geosciences, geodesy, ecology, forestry and related areas looking for an overview on topography. Uniquely, the book also features an extensive glossary of topographical terms.

Topographic Mapping
Topographic Mapping

Author: John N. Hatzopoulos

Publisher: Universal-Publishers

Published: 2024-10-01

Total Pages: 804

ISBN-13: 1627344853

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This book is addressed to students and professionals, and it is aimed to cover as much as possible the broader region of topographic mapping as it has evolved into a modern field called geospatial information science and technology. More emphasis is placed on using scientific methods and tools materialized in algorithms and software to produce practical results. For this reason, beyond the written material, there are also many educational and professional software programs written by the first author to help comprehend the individual methodologies developed. The Target of this book is to provide the people who work in fields of applications of topographic mapping (environment, geology, geography, cartography, engineering, geotechnical, agriculture, forestry, geointelligence, etc.) a source of knowledge for the broader region so that to help them in facing relevant problems as well as in preparing contracts and specifications for such type of work assigned to professionals and evaluating such contracting results. It also aims to be a reference for theory and practice for professionals in Topographic Mapping. This book applies a didactics method where, with a relatively small effort, someone can digest a large volume of simple or complicated knowledge material at a desirable scientific depth within a relatively short time interval. The objective that educated people must be "smarter than the machine" and not treat the machine as a "black box" being "button pushers" has been achieved through the first author's experience in the USA and Greece, with relative success by adopting this didactics technique. There are 14 chapters, including Reference systems and Projections, Topographic instruments and Geometry of coordinates, Conventional construction of a topographic map, Design and reproduction of a thematic map, Digital Topographic mapping - GIS, Digital Terrain Models (DTM / DEM), GPS/GNSS, methods of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, new technologies LIDAR, IFSAR, Augmented reality, Mapping with UAS/UAV/Drones, the method of Least Squares adjustment, and Description of educational software accompanying the text.

Be Expert with Map and Compass
Be Expert with Map and Compass

Author: Bjorn Kjellstrom

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-12-09

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 0470407654

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The classic map and compass navigation guide-revised for the age of GPS GPS devices are great, but they can break, get lost, or easily be hampered by weather conditions, making basic map and compass skills essential for anyone who spends time outdoors. This popular, easy-to-use orienteering handbook has been helping people find their way for more than fifty years. Now updated to include information on GPS as well as current Web sites, references, sources, and photographs, it remains the book of choice for professional outdoorsmen, novice orienteers, and outdoor organizations as well as teachers, scout leaders, recreational hikers, hunters, and others around the world. Coverage includes understanding map symbols; traveling by map alone, by compass alone, or by map and compass together; finding bearings; sketching maps; and traveling in the wilderness. Explains basic map and compass skills clearly Fully updated edition, including information on GPS Includes up-to-date Web site addresses, references, and sources Features a fresh, rugged design Ideal book for beginners If you're looking to feel more comfortable in the wilderness, this updated guide is an indispensable reference.

Topographic Mapping
Topographic Mapping

Author: John N. Hatzopoulos

Publisher: Universal-Publishers

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 740

ISBN-13: 1581129866

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This book is addressed to students and professionals and it is aimed to cover as much as possible the wider region of topographic mapping as it has been evolved into a modern field called geospatial information science and technology. More emphasis is given to the use of scientific methods and tools that are materialised in algorithms and software and produce practical results. For this reason beyond the written material there are also many educational and professional software programs written by the author to comprehend the individual methodologies which are developed. Target of this book is to provide the people who work in fields of applications of topographic mapping (environment, geology, geography, cartography, engineering, geotechnical, agriculture, forestry, etc.) a source of knowledge for the wider region so that to help them in facing relevant problems as well as in preparing contracts and specifications for such type of work assigned to professionals and evaluating such contracting results. It is also aimed to be a reference of theory and practice for the professionals in Topographic Mapping. This book applies a didactics method where with a relatively small effort someone can digest a quite large volume of simple or complicated material of knowledge at a desirable scientific depth within a relative short time interval. The objective that educated people must be "smarter than the machine" and not to treat the machine as a "black box" being "button pushers" has been achieved, through the author's experience in USA and Greece, with relative success by adopting this didactics technique. There are 11 chapters and two Appendices including: Reference systems and Projections, Topographic instruments and Geometry of coordinates, Conventional construction of a topographic map, Design and reproduction of a thematic map, Digital Topographic mapping - GIS, Digital Terrain Models (DTM / DEM), GPS, methods of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, new technologies LIDAR, IFSAR, the method of Least Squares adjustment, Description of educational software accompanying the text.