Handbook of Reference Electrodes
Handbook of Reference Electrodes

Author: György Inzelt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-16

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 3642361889

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Reference Electrodes are a crucial part of any electrochemical system, yet an up-to-date and comprehensive handbook is long overdue. Here, an experienced team of electrochemists provides an in-depth source of information and data for the proper choice and construction of reference electrodes. This includes all kinds of applications such as aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, ionic liquids, glass melts, solid electrolyte systems, and membrane electrodes. Advanced technologies such as miniaturized, conducting-polymer-based, screen-printed or disposable reference electrodes are also covered. Essential know-how is clearly presented and illustrated with almost 200 figures.

PH Measurement
PH Measurement

Author: Helmuth Galster

Publisher:

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 414

ISBN-13:

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An indispensable handbook of ph measurement in science and technology. It covers - electrochemical fundamentals - definition of the ph scale - electrochemical methods of determination - electrochemical ph measurement using a glass electrode - control systems Written by an expert for experts this reference work is the only comprehensive and totally up-to-date treatment of ph measurement worldwide.

Electrochemistry for Materials Science
Electrochemistry for Materials Science

Author: Walfried Plieth

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2008-01-08

Total Pages: 433

ISBN-13: 0080556256

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This book introduces the principles of electrochemistry with a special emphasis on materials science. This book is clearly organized around the main topic areas comprising electrolytes, electrodes, development of the potential differences in combining electrolytes with electrodes, the electrochemical double layer, mass transport, and charge transfer, making the subject matter more accessible.In the second part, several important areas for materials science are described in more detail. These chapters bridge the gap between the introductory textbooks and the more specialized literature. They feature the electrodeposition of metals and alloys, electrochemistry of oxides and semiconductors, intrinsically conducting polymers, and aspects of nanotechnology with an emphasis on the codeposition of nanoparticles.This book provides a good introduction into electrochemistry for the graduate student. For the research student as well as for the advanced reader there is sufficient information on the basic problems in special chapters. The book is suitable for students and researchers in chemistry, physics, engineering, as well as materials science.- Introduction into electrochemistry- Metal and alloy electrodeposition- Oxides and semiconductors, corrosion- Intrinsically conducting polymers- Codeposition of nanoparticles, multilayers

A Workbook of Electrochemistry
A Workbook of Electrochemistry

Author: John Bockris

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 1461345626

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In this book, the objective has been to set down a number of questions, largely numerical problems, to help the student of electrochemical science. No collection of problems in electrochemistry has previously been published. The challenge which faces the authors of such a book is the breadth of the material in modern electrochemistry, and the diversity of backgrounds and needs of people who may find a "problems book" in electrochemistry to be of use. The general intention for Chapters 2-11 has been to give the first ten questions at a level which can be dealt with by students who are undergoing instruction in the science of electrochemistry, but have not yet reached graduate standard in it. The last two questions in Chapters 2-11 have been chosen at a more advanced standard, corre sponding to that expected of someone with knowledge at the level of a Ph.D. degree in electrochemistry.

Mass Transfer and Kinetics of Ion Exchange
Mass Transfer and Kinetics of Ion Exchange

Author: L. Liberti

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 461

ISBN-13: 940096899X

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While ion-exchange processes were originally used for the treatment of very dilute solutions, many applications for the treatment of concentrated solu tions have been developed in recent years. In these situations, the mass transfer bottlenecks are located in the~, rather than the liquid phase. Therefore, the development of quantitative models for ion-exchange kinetics requires knowledge about the conductance characteristics of ions and solvent in the solid phase. A useful approach towards this aim is the study of trans port characteristics of these species, and of their interactions in solid ion exchange membranes. Many different transport processes and related phenomena can be observed in membrane-solution systems, e.g., ion migration, electroosmosis, diffusion arid self-diffusion, osmosis, hydraulic flow, hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) or ultrafiltration, streaming potential and streaming current, and membrane potentials (also called "membrane concentration potentials"). It is important to correlate all these phenomena so as to avoid a very large number of unnec essary measurements. Such correlation is often possible [Meares, 1976] since all these phenomena are determined by the ease of migration of the different species across the membrane. Important correlations have been made and summar ized even before high-capacity ion-exchange membranes became commercially available [Sollner, 1950, 197iJ.

Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems
Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems

Author: Kenneth A. Connors

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2003-04-02

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 0471461393

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Studies of thermodynamics often fail to demonstrate how the mathematical intricacies of the subject relate to practical laboratory applications. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems makes these connections clear, emphasizing specific applications to pharmaceutical systems in a study created specifically for contemporary curriculums at colleges of pharmacy. Students investigating drug discovery, drug delivery, and drug action will benefit from Kenneth Connors's authoritative treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics as well as his attention to drug molecules and experimental considerations. An extensive appendix that reviews the mathematics needed to master the pharmacy curriculum proves an invaluable reference. Connors divides his one-of-a-kind text into three sections: Basic Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of Physical Processes, and Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes; chapters include: * Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics * The Entropy Concept * Phase Transformations * Solubility * Acid-Base Equilibria * Noncovalent Binding Equilibria Thermodynamics need not be a mystery nor be confined to the realm of mathematical theory. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems introduces students of pharmacy to the profound thermodynamic applications in the laboratory while also serving as a handy resource for practicing researchers.

The Determination of Ionization Constants
The Determination of Ionization Constants

Author: Adrien Albert

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 9400955480

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This practical manual is devised for organic chemists and biochemists who, in the course of their researches and without previous experience, need to determine an ionization constant. We are gratified that earlier editions were much used for this purpose and that they also proved adequate for the in service training of technicians and technical officers to provide a Department with a pK service. The features of previous editions that gave this wide appeal have been retained, but the subject matter has been revised, extended, and brought up to date. We present two new chapters, one of which describes the determination of the stability constants of the complexes which organic ligands form with metal cations. The other describes the use of more recently introduced techniques for the determination of ionization constants, such as Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermometric titrations, and paper electro phoresis. Chapter 1 gives enhanced help in choosing between alternative methods for determining ionization constants. The two chapters on potentiometric methods have been extensively revised in the light of newer understanding of electrode processes and of the present state of the art in instrumen tation.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry

Author: P.H. Rieger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 493

ISBN-13: 9401106916

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It has been fashionable to describe electrochemistry as a discipline at the interface between the branches of chemistry and many other sciences. A perusal of the table of contents will affirm that view. Electrochemistry finds applications in all branches of chemistry as well as in biology, biochemistry, and engineering; electrochemistry gives us batteries and fuel cells, electroplating and electrosynthesis, and a host of industrial and technological applications which are barely touched on in this book. However, I will maintain that electrochemistry is really a branch of physical chemistry. Electrochemistry grew out of the same tradition which gave physics the study of electricity and magnetism. The reputed founders of physical chemistry-Arrhenius, Ostwald, and van't Hoff-made many of their contributions in areas which would now be regarded as electrochemistry. With the post-World War II capture of physical chemistry by chemical physicists, electrochemists have tended to retreat into analytical chemistry, thus defining themselves out of a great tradition. G. N. Lewis defined physical chemistry as "the study of that which is interesting." I hope that the readers of this book will find that electrochemistry qualifies.

Working with Ion-Selective Electrodes
Working with Ion-Selective Electrodes

Author: K. Cammann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 3642672760

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The first section introduces the electrochemical nomenclature necessary for under standing the literature on ion-selective electrodes and discusses the general principles behind all electrodes. The second section is concerned with the problems which arise in any accurate elec trode potential measurement in practice. Here the most important reference electrodes are discussed with special reference to their use in conjunction with ion-selective elec trodes. From experience, almost 75% of all problems which arise when working with ion-selective electrodes are on account of the reference electrode. After the reader is aquainted with the basic problems involved, the third section deals with individual ion-selective electrodes; their properties, handling and methods of pre paration. Here the discussion of these electrodes is not arranged according to the spe cies detected, but rather according to the kind of construction, since from this view point characteristic properties are much the same and handling procedures need only be described once for an entire series of similar electrodes. The fourth section discusses amplifiers. Here the problems of high-ohmic EMF meas urements such as noise level, insulation, static charging and ground loops are discussed. The fifth section is devoted to the various evaluation methods. Here a few schemes and examples are provided to indicate optimum practical procedures and the accura cies attainable with the various methods are discussed. The last section describes special set-ups such as clinical flow-thru cells, microelec trodes for measuring intracellular ionic activities, industrial on-line techniques and continuous environmental protection monitors.