This book documents recent advances in the field of modeling, simulation, control, security and reliability of Cyber- Physical Systems (CPS) in power grids. The aim of this book is to help the reader gain insights into working of CPSs and understand their potential in transforming the power grids of tomorrow. This book will be useful for all those who are interested in design of cyber-physical systems, be they students or researchers in power systems, CPS modeling software developers, technical marketing professionals and business policy-makers.
Cyber-Physical Power System State Estimation updates classic state estimation tools to enable real-time operations and optimize reliability in modern electric power systems. The work introduces and contextualizes the core concepts and classic approaches to state estimation modeling. It builds on these classic approaches with a suite of data-driven models and non-synchronized measurement tools to reflect current measurement trends required by increasingly more sophisticated grids. Chapters outline core definitions, concepts and the network analysis procedures involved in the real-time operation of EPS. Specific sections introduce power flow problem in EPS, highlighting network component modeling and power flow equations for state estimation before addressing quasi static state estimation in electrical power systems using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) classical and alternatives formulations. Particularities of the state estimation process in distribution systems are also considered. Finally, the work goes on to address observability analysis, measurement redundancy and the processing of gross errors through the analysis of WLS static state estimator residuals. - Develops advanced approaches to smart grid real-time monitoring through quasi-static model state estimation and non-synchronized measurements system models - Presents a novel, extended optimization, physics-based model which identifies and corrects for measurement error presently egregiously discounted in classic models - Demonstrates how to embed cyber-physical security into smart grids for real-time monitoring - Introduces new approaches to calculate power flow in distribution systems and for estimating distribution system states - Incorporates machine-learning based approaches to complement the state estimation process, including pattern recognition-based solutions, principal component analysis and support vector machines
In an uncertain and complex environment, to ensure secure and stable operations of large-scale power systems is one of the biggest challenges that power engineers have to address today. Traditionally, power system operations and decision-making in controls are based on power system computations of physical models describing the behavior of power systems. Largely, physical models are constructed according to some assumptions and simplifications, and such is the case with power system models. However, the complexity of power system stability problems, along with the system's inherent uncertainties and nonlinearities, can result in models that are impractical or inaccurate. This calls for adaptive or deep-learning algorithms to significantly improve current control schemes that solve decision and control problems. Cyberphysical Infrastructures in Power Systems: Architectures and Vulnerabilities provides an extensive overview of CPS concepts and infrastructures in power systems with a focus on the current state-of-the-art research in this field. Detailed classifications are pursued highlighting existing solutions, problems, and developments in this area. Gathers the theoretical preliminaries and fundamental issues related to CPS architectures. Provides coherent results in adopting control and communication methodologies to critically examine problems in various units within smart power systems and microgrid systems. Presents advanced analysis under cyberphysical attacks and develops resilient control strategies to guarantee safe operation at various power levels.
This book discusses recent advances in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) in the modeling, analysis and applications of smart grid. It introduces a series of models, such as an analysis of interaction between the power grid and the communication network, differential protection in smart distribution systems, data flow for VLAN-based communication in substations, a co-simulation model for investigating the impacts of cyber-contingency and distributed control systems as well as the analytical techniques used in different parts of cyber physical energy systems. It also discusses methods of cyber-attack on power systems, particularly false data injection. The results presented are a comprehensive summary of the authors’ original research conducted over a period of 5 years. The book is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in power and energy systems.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are "engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components." CPS can be small and closed, such as an artificial pancreas, or very large, complex, and interconnected, such as a regional energy grid. CPS engineering focuses on managing inter- dependencies and impact of physical aspects on cyber aspects, and vice versa. With the development of low-cost sensing, powerful embedded system hardware, and widely deployed communication networks, the reliance on CPS for system functionality has dramatically increased. These technical developments in combination with the creation of a workforce skilled in engineering CPS will allow the deployment of increasingly capable, adaptable, and trustworthy systems. Engineers responsible for developing CPS but lacking the appropriate education or training may not fully understand at an appropriate depth, on the one hand, the technical issues associated with the CPS software and hardware or, on the other hand, techniques for physical system modeling, energy and power, actuation, signal processing, and control. In addition, these engineers may be designing and implementing life-critical systems without appropriate formal training in CPS methods needed for verification and to assure safety, reliability, and security. A workforce with the appropriate education, training, and skills will be better positioned to create and manage the next generation of CPS solutions. A 21st Century Cyber-Physical Systems Education examines the intellectual content of the emerging field of CPS and its implications for engineering and computer science education. This report is intended to inform those who might support efforts to develop curricula and materials; faculty and university administrators; industries with needs for CPS workers; and current and potential students about intellectual foundations, workforce requirements, employment opportunities, and curricular needs.
Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) integrate computing, physical assets, and human networks. Divided into four application areas to the electric grid, this book describes state-of-the-art CPSS in electric power systems, including detailed approaches on social constructs which are a critical aspect of the end-user realm. The book covers:
This new work explores the growth of information and communication technologies with an emphasis on cyber-physical systems and security management of these systems. This volume discusses and analyzes the various effective practical applications of CPS, which involves the integration of the physical process with embedded computation and network monitoring along with feedback loops from physical systems. The authors identify the best set of applications and discuss the drawbacks of existing systems. The book provides a broad outlook on the applications of cyber-physical systems along with case studies and examples in healthcare, automotive electronics, industrial automation, environment monitoring, agriculture, and applications in civil and mechanical sectors. Topics include using an energy management system in smart grids, implementing an intelligent traffic management system, warehouse tracking and monitoring, medical cyber-physical systems security, remote healthcare monitoring, and more.
Cyber-physical systems are the natural extension of the so-called “Internet of Things”. They are “systems of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities”. Cyber Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) are considered “The Next Computing Revolution” after Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s), Desktop computing & Internet (80’s-90’s) and Ubiquitous computing (00’s); because all aspects of daily life are rapidly evolving towards humans interacting amongst themselves as well as their environment via computational devices (often mobile), and because in most cases systems will employ their computational capabilities to interact amongst themselves.CPSoS enable the physical world to merge with the cyber one. Using sensors, the embedded systems monitor and collect data from physical processes, such as the steering of a vehicle, energy consumption or human health functions. The systems are networked making the data globally available. CPSoS make it possible for software applications to directly interact with events in the physical world, for example to measure and react to changes in blood pressure or peaks in energy consumption. Embedded hardware and software systems crucially expand the functionality and competitiveness of vehicles, aircraft, medical equipment, production plants and household appliances. Connecting these systems to a virtual environment of globally networked services and information systems opens completely new areas of innovation and novel business platforms.Future CPSoS will have many sophisticated, interconnected parts that must instantaneously exchange, parse, and act on detailed data in a highly coordinated manner. Continued advances in science and engineering will be necessary to enable advances in design and development of these complex systems.
Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
Written by a team of experts at the forefront of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) revolution, this book provides an in-depth look at security and privacy, two of the most critical challenges facing both the CPS research and development community and ICT professionals. It explores, in depth, the key technical, social, and legal issues at stake, and it provides readers with the information they need to advance research and development in this exciting area. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability far in excess of what today’s simple embedded systems can provide. Just as the Internet revolutionized the way we interact with information, CPS technology has already begun to transform the way people interact with engineered systems. In the years ahead, smart CPS will drive innovation and competition across industry sectors, from agriculture, energy, and transportation, to architecture, healthcare, and manufacturing. A priceless source of practical information and inspiration, Security and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations, Principles and Applications is certain to have a profound impact on ongoing R&D and education at the confluence of security, privacy, and CPS.
