Current State of Postural Research - Moving Beyond the Balance Platform

Current State of Postural Research - Moving Beyond the Balance Platform

Author: Emily Keshner

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-02-05

Total Pages: 161

ISBN-13: 2832544126

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The concept of posture control has morphed over the past century from a reflex, hierarchically controlled, innate behavior to a complex and adaptable motor act highly influenced by cognitive processes as well as confidence and attentiveness of the performer. In addition, multisensory control of posture has been recognized as a process of fusion and integration rather than summation and inhibition. Advances in computational modeling and imaging have revealed that higher cortical centers are involved in production of what were previously believed to be stereotypical, triggered reactions. Emerging evidence now supports the idea that postural behaviors are regulated by distributed control in the neuraxis and shaped by dynamic interactions of sensorimotor processes in a task- and context-dependent manner.


Supraspinal Control of Automatic Postural Responses: Which Pathway Does What?

Supraspinal Control of Automatic Postural Responses: Which Pathway Does What?

Author: Isaac L. Kurtzer

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2017-07-26

Total Pages: 107

ISBN-13: 2889452301

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Rapid corrective actions, termed automatic postural responses, are essential to counter the destabilizing effect of mechanical perturbations during natural behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated that automatic postural responses of the limbs and body share a number of capabilities in adapting to the prevailing circumstances and these abilities reflect contributions from multiple supraspinal pathways, including brainstem nuclei, basal ganglia, and primary motor cortex. However, we do not know the context-dependent contribution from specific generators, whether different neural pathways have a common role across different effectors, and how sensory and central deficits in one pathway are accommodated by those remaining. Bridging these gaps is essential to integrate the diverse set of studies, develop general theories of motor control, and explicate how the nervous system addresses the partially distinct behavioral demands of co-evolved effector system. The considerable flexibility and multiple interacting pathways of automatic postural responses also make it ideal for understanding how powerful formal theories, like optimal feedback control, are achieved by a distributed hierarchical neural network.


The Head-neck Sensory Motor System

The Head-neck Sensory Motor System

Author: A. Berthoz

Publisher:

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 798

ISBN-13: 9780195068207

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This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date account of the control of vertebrate head movements and its biomechanical and neural basis. It covers the entire spectrum of research on head-neck movements, ranging from the global description and analysis of a particular behavior to its underlying mechanisms at the level of neurotransmitter release and membrane biophysics.


Encyclopedia of Social Psychology

Encyclopedia of Social Psychology

Author: Roy F. Baumeister

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Published: 2007-08-29

Total Pages: 1249

ISBN-13: 1452265682

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"The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels." —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries.


Cognition and Emotion

Cognition and Emotion

Author: Jan de Houwer

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2010-05-09

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 1136980946

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Emotions are complex and multifaceted phenomena. Although they have been examined from a variety of perspectives, the study of the interaction between cognition and emotion has always occupied a unique position within emotion research. Many philosophers and psychologists have been fascinated by the relationship between thinking and feeling. During the past 30 years, research on the relationship between cognition and emotion has boomed and so many studies on this topic have been published that it is difficult to keep track of the evidence. This book fulfils the need for a review of the existing evidence on particular aspects of the interplay between cognition and emotion. The book assembles a collection of state-of-the-art reviews of the most important topics in cognition and emotion research: emotion theories, feeling and thinking, the perception of emotion, the expression of emotion, emotion regulation, emotion and memory, and emotion and attention. By bringing these reviews together, this book presents a unique overview of the knowledge that has been generated in the past decades about the many and complex ways in which cognition and emotion interact. As such, it provides a useful tool for both students and researchers alike, in the fields of social, clinical and cognitive psychology.