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Author: Anthony Allan Braga
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 312
ISBN-13: 0195341961
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThere is good evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Police officers should strive to use problem-oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2018-03-23
Total Pages: 409
ISBN-13: 0309467136
DOWNLOAD EBOOKProactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Author: David Evans
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2002-01-31
Total Pages: 444
ISBN-13: 1134943563
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFirst published in 2002. Spiralling crime rates and continuing public concern about police-community relations ensure that crime and policing remain firmly on the social and political agenda. An awareness of crime continues to affect the lives of ordinary people and also to stimulate policy makers who recognise that crime rates form one of the principles by which their effectiveness is judged. Of the many agencies involved in the battle against crime, the police in their various roles constitute the most obvious front line. Drawing on case material from Britain, Europe, Canada and America, Crime, Policing and Place examines the significance of spatial patterns of crime and the processes which produce them. The book analyses the implications of theoretical and methodological innovation in the study of crime and policing, the processes which underlie the uneven distribution and impact of crime and the success of recent policies aimed at preventing crime and enhancing police-community relations. Contributors are drawn from a variety of academic disciplines, including criminology, geography and social policy and also from the police and government agencies with direct policy input.
Author: David Evans
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2002-01-31
Total Pages: 344
ISBN-13: 1134943571
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFirst published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Andrea S. Boyles
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Published: 2015-08-01
Total Pages: 268
ISBN-13: 0520282388
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Relying on compelling interviews from the Meacham Park neighborhood--a marginalized Black enclave located in a predominately white affluent St. Louis suburb, this book brings to life the everyday interactions of disadvantaged suburban Blacks as they faced annexation, aggressive policing, two nationally profiled shootings, and intervention from the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ)"--Provided by publisher.
Author: David Weisburd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2016-04-04
Total Pages: 223
ISBN-13: 110702952X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe book summarizes what we know about crime and place, and provides an agenda for future research in this area.
Author: Anthony Allan Braga
Publisher: Willow Tree Press
Published: 2002-01
Total Pages: 174
ISBN-13: 9781881798415
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBraga argues that problem-oriented policing has been evaluated as effective in controlling a wide range of crime and disorder problems, ranging from burglaries and robberies, to prostitution and various types of violence. He analyzes why problem-oriented policing interventions are effective and, thereby, intends to broaden the use of this approach in everyday policing.Problem-oriented policing directs attention and resources to the underlying problems that lurk behind many recurring crime problems. Braga summarizes the extensive worldwide research literature on three types of interventions:reducing opportunities for crime at problem-plagued places (e.g., bars, housing projects) through enforcement-oriented and/or environmental measures;targeting high-activity (repeat) offenders; andprotecting the victims of repetitive offenses. Braga concludes with ideas for correcting deficiencies in current approaches to problem-oriented policing. These suggestions address how to improve crime analysis, enhance the measurement of police performance, and secure productive police-community partnerships.
Author: Leslie W. Kennedy
Publisher: University of California Press
Published: 2018-10-30
Total Pages: 166
ISBN-13: 0520295633
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRisk-based policing is a research advancement that improves public safety, and its applications prevent crime specifically by managing crime risks. In Risk-Based Policing, the authors analyze case studies from a variety of city agencies including Atlantic City, New Jersey; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Glendale, Arizona; Kansas City, Missouri; Newark, New Jersey; and others. They demonstrate how focusing police resources on risky places and basing police work on smart uses of data can address the worst effects of disorder and crime while improving community relations and public safety. Topics include the role of big data; the evolution of modern policing; dealing with high-risk targets; designing, implementing, and evaluating risk-based policing strategies; and the role of multiple stakeholders in risk-based policing. The book also demonstrates how risk terrain modeling can be extended to provide a comprehensive view of prevention and deterrence.
Author: David Weisburd
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2012-10-01
Total Pages: 289
ISBN-13: 0199709106
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe study of crime has focused primarily on why particular people commit crime or why specific communities have higher crime levels than others. In The Criminology of Place, David Weisburd, Elizabeth Groff, and Sue-Ming Yang present a new and different way of looking at the crime problem by examining why specific streets in a city have specific crime trends over time. Based on a 16-year longitudinal study of crime in Seattle, Washington, the book focuses our attention on small units of geographic analysis-micro communities, defined as street segments. Half of all Seattle crime each year occurs on just 5-6 percent of the city's street segments, yet these crime hot spots are not concentrated in a single neighborhood and street by street variability is significant. Weisburd, Groff, and Yang set out to explain why. The Criminology of Place shows how much essential information about crime is inevitably lost when we focus on larger units like neighborhoods or communities. Reorienting the study of crime by focusing on small units of geography, the authors identify a large group of possible crime risk and protective factors for street segments and an array of interventions that could be implemented to address them. The Criminology of Place is a groundbreaking book that radically alters traditional thinking about the crime problem and what we should do about it.
Author: Gerben Bruinsma
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 969
ISBN-13: 0190279702
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approaches. Yet research in the subfield remains fragmented and competing theories are rarely examined together. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology takes a unique approach and synthesizes the contributions of existing methods to better integrate the subfield as a whole. Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson have assembled a cast of top scholars to provide an in-depth source for understanding how and why physical setting can influence the emergence of crime, affect the environment, and impact individual or group behavior. The contributors address how changes in the environment, global connectivity, and technology provide more criminal opportunities and new ways of committing old crimes. They also explore how crimes committed in countries with distinct cultural practices like China and West Africa might lead to different spatial patterns of crime. This is a state-of-the-art compendium on environmental criminology that reflects the diverse research and theory developed across the western world.
