Amniote Paleobiology
Amniote Paleobiology

Author: Matthew T. Carrano

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2006-08

Total Pages: 554

ISBN-13: 0226094782

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Living amniotes—including all mammals, birds, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles—comprise an extraordinarily varied array of more than 21,000 species. Found in every major habitat on earth, they possess a truly remarkable range of morphological, ecological, and behavioral adaptations. The fossil record of amniotes extends back three hundred million years and reveals much about modern biological diversity of form and function. A collaborative effort of twenty-four researchers, Amniote Paleobiology presents thirteen new and important scientific perspectives on the evolution and biology of this familiar group. It includes new discoveries of dinosaurs and primitive relatives of mammals; studies of mammalian chewing and locomotion; and examinations of the evolutionary process in plesiosaurs, mammals, and dinosaurs. Emphasizing the rich variety of analytical techniques available to vertebrate paleontologists—from traditional description to multivariate morphometrics and complex three-dimensional kinematics—Amniote Paleobiology seeks to understand how species are related to each other and what these relationships reveal about changes in anatomy and function over time. A timely synthesis of modern contributions to the field of evolutionary studies, Amniote Paleobiology furthers our understanding of this diverse group.

International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode)
International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode)

Author: Kevin de Queiroz

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-04-29

Total Pages: 101

ISBN-13: 0429821352

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The PhyloCode is a set of principles, rules, and recommendations governing phylogenetic nomenclature, a system for naming taxa by explicit reference to phylogeny. In contrast, the current botanical, zoological, and bacteriological codes define taxa by reference to taxonomic ranks (e.g., family, genus) and types. This code will govern the names of clades; species names will still be governed by traditional codes. The PhyloCode is designed so that it can be used concurrently with the rank-based codes. It is not meant to replace existing names but to provide an alternative system for governing the application of both existing and newly proposed names. Key Features Provides clear regulations for naming clades Based on expressly phylogenetic principles Complements existing codes of nomenclature Eliminates the reliance on taxonomic ranks in favor of phylogenetic relationships Related Titles: Rieppel, O. Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig (ISBN 978-1-4987-5488-0) de Queiroz, K., Cantino, P. D. and Gauthier, J. A. Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode (ISBN 978-1-138-33293-5).

Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form
Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form

Author: Jonathan M. Adrain

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-01-31

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9780306467219

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Phylogenetic analysis and morphometrics have been developed by biologists into rigorous analytic tools for testing hypotheses about the relationships between groups of species. This book applies these tools to paleontological data. The fossil record is our one true chronicle of the history of life, preserving a set of macroevolutionary patterns; thus various hypotheses about evolutionary processes can be tested in the fossil record using phylogentic analysis and morphometrics. The first book of its type, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form will be useful in evolutionary biology, paleontology, systematics, evolutionary development, theoretical biology, biogeography, and zoology. It will also provide a practical, researcher-friendly gateway into computer-based phylogenetics and morphometrics.

The Mastodonts of Brazil
The Mastodonts of Brazil

Author: George Gaylord Simpson

Publisher:

Published: 1957

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13:

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"One. A large collection, mainly of isolated molars, from Águas do Araxá, Brazil, seems to represent a single population within a species identified as Haplomastodon waringi. The variation, described in some detail, is far greater than has hitherto usually been taken into consideration in the diagnosis of supposed species of mastodonts. 2. Mastodonts have been found at many localities scattered throughout Brazil. A few specimens are anomalous, but the great majority belong to, or are at least inseparable from, H. waringi on the basis of known characters. 3. Ecuadorian Haplomastodon is not at present specifically separable from H. waringi, and neither in Brazil nor in Ecuador is there good evidence of the presence of more than one species (or subgenus). 4. The only species and genera that now seem to be clearly distinct among South American mastodonts are Cuvieronius hyodon, Haplomastodon waringi, and Stegomastodon platensis. All these names have numerous synonyms. The species Stegomastodon superbus and the genus and species Notiomastodon ornatus are also tentatively listed as distinct, but are of doubtful status. 5. Haplomastodon is believed to be about as closely related to Cuvieronius as to Stegomastodon. 6. All the South American mastodonts seem to represent end terms of divergence within a single broad stock. Cuvieronius, Stegomastodon, and probably also Haplomastodon were already differentiated before they spread from North America to South America. The North American Rhynchotherium may belong to the same complex. All may ultimately have arisen from early Old World Anancinae, and all are tentatively referred to that subfamily"--P. 185.