Content-Addressable Memories
Content-Addressable Memories

Author: T. Kohonen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-03

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783642965548

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Designers and users of computer systems have long been aware of the fact that inclusion of some kind of content-addressable or "associative" functions in the storage and retrieval mechanisms would allow a more effective and straightforward organization of data than with the usual addressed memories, with the result that the computing power would be significantly increased. However, although the basic principles of content-addressing have been known for over twenty years, the hardware content-addressable memories (CAMs) have found their way only to special roles such as small buffer memories and con trol units. This situation now seems to be changing: Because of the develop ment of new technologies such as very-large-scale integration of semiconduc tor circuits, charge-coupled devices, magnetic-bubble memories, and certain devices based on quantum-mechanical effects, an increasing amount of active searching functions can be transferred to memory units. The prices of the more complex memory components which earlier were too high to allow the application of these principles to mass memories will be reduced to a fraction of the to tal system costs, and this will certainly have a significant impact on the new computer architectures. In order to advance the new memory principles and technologies, more in formation ought to be made accessible to a common user.

Content-Addressable Memories
Content-Addressable Memories

Author: T. Kohonen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 3642965520

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Designers and users of computer systems have long been aware of the fact that inclusion of some kind of content-addressable or "associative" functions in the storage and retrieval mechanisms would allow a more effective and straightforward organization of data than with the usual addressed memories, with the result that the computing power would be significantly increased. However, although the basic principles of content-addressing have been known for over twenty years, the hardware content-addressable memories (CAMs) have found their way only to special roles such as small buffer memories and con trol units. This situation now seems to be changing: Because of the develop ment of new technologies such as very-large-scale integration of semiconduc tor circuits, charge-coupled devices, magnetic-bubble memories, and certain devices based on quantum-mechanical effects, an increasing amount of active searching functions can be transferred to memory units. The prices of the more complex memory components which earlier were too high to allow the application of these principles to mass memories will be reduced to a fraction of the to tal system costs, and this will certainly have a significant impact on the new computer architectures. In order to advance the new memory principles and technologies, more in formation ought to be made accessible to a common user.

Self-Organization and Associative Memory
Self-Organization and Associative Memory

Author: Teuvo Kohonen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 3662007843

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Two significant things have happened since the writing of the first edition in 1983. One of them is recent arousal of strong interest in general aspects of "neural computing", or "neural networks", as the previous neural models are nowadays called. The incentive, of course, has been to develop new com puters. Especially it may have been felt that the so-called fifth-generation computers, based on conventional logic programming, do not yet contain in formation processing principles of the same type as those encountered in the brain. All new ideas for the "neural computers" are, of course, welcome. On the other hand, it is not very easy to see what kind of restrictions there exist to their implementation. In order to approach this problem systematically, cer tain lines of thought, disciplines, and criteria should be followed. It is the pur pose of the added Chapter 9 to reflect upon such problems from a general point of view. Another important thing is a boom of new hardware technologies for dis tributed associative memories, especially high-density semiconductor circuits, and optical materials and components. The era is very close when the parallel processors can be made all-optical. Several working associative memory archi tectures, based solely on optical technologies, have been constructed in recent years. For this reason it was felt necessary to include a separate chapter (Chap. 10) which deals with the optical associative memories. Part of its con tents is taken over from the first edition.

Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications
Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications

Author: Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-10-03

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13: 9813296909

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This book presents high-quality papers from the Third International Conference on Smart Computing and Informatics (SCI 2018−19), organized by the School of Computer Engineering and School of Computer Application, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, from 21 to 22 December 2018. It includes advanced and multi-disciplinary research on the design of smart computing and informatics, focusing on innovation paradigms in system knowledge, intelligence and sustainability that have the potential to provide realistic solutions to various problems in society, the environment and industry. The papers featured provide a valuable contribution to the deployment of emerging computational and knowledge transfer approaches, optimizing solutions in varied disciplines of science, technology and health care.

TFET Integrated Circuits
TFET Integrated Circuits

Author: Navneet Gupta

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-11-06

Total Pages: 139

ISBN-13: 3030551199

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This book describes the physical operation of the Tunnel Field-effect Transistor (TFET) and circuits built with this device. Whereas the majority of publications on TFETs describe in detail the device, its characteristics, variants and performance, this will be the first book addressing TFET integrated circuits (TFET ICs). The authors describe the peculiarities of TFET ICs and their differences with MOSFETs. They also develop and analyze a number of logic circuits and memories. The discussion also includes complex circuits combining CMOS and TFET, as well as a potential fabrication process in Silicon.

Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems
Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems

Author: Debotosh Bhattacharjee

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-11-23

Total Pages: 895

ISBN-13: 9811578346

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This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2020), held on January 13–15, 2019 at Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College, West Bengal, India and jointly organized by the Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. The book presents the latest research and results in various fields of machine learning, computational intelligence, VLSI, networks and systems, computational biology, and security, making it a rich source of reference material for academia and industry alike.

Content-Addressable Memories
Content-Addressable Memories

Author: Teuvo Kohonen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 3642830560

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Due to continual progress in the large-scale integration of semiconductor circuits, parallel computing principles can already be met in low-cost sys tems: numerous examples exist in image processing, for which special hard ware is implementable with quite modest resources even by nonprofessional designers. Principles of content addressing, if thoroughly understood, can thereby be applied effectively using standard components. On the other hand, mass storage based on associative principles still exists only in the long term plans of computer technologists. This situation is somewhat confused by the fact that certain expectations are held for the development of new storage media such as optical memories and "spin glasses" (metal alloys with low-density magnetic impurities). Their technologies, however, may not ripen until after "fifth generation" computers have been built. It seems that software methods for content addressing, especially those based on hash coding principles, are still holding their position firmly, and a few innovations have been developed recently. As they need no special hardware, one might expect that they will spread to a wide circle of users. This monograph is based on an extensive literature survey, most of which was published in the First Edition. I have added Chap. ?, which contains a review of more recent work. This updated book now has references to over 1200 original publications. In the editing of the new material, I received valuable help from Anneli HeimbUrger, M. Sc. , and Mrs. Leila Koivisto.

VLSI Design and Test
VLSI Design and Test

Author: Brajesh Kumar Kaushik

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-12-21

Total Pages: 820

ISBN-13: 9811074704

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2017, held in Roorkee, India, in June/July 2017. The 48 full papers presented together with 27 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 246 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: digital design; analog/mixed signal; VLSI testing; devices and technology; VLSI architectures; emerging technologies and memory; system design; low power design and test; RF circuits; architecture and CAD; and design verification.

High Density Data Storage
High Density Data Storage

Author: Yanlin Song

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9812834699

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The explosive increase in information and the miniaturization of electronic devices demand new recording technologies and materials that combine high density, fast response, long retention time and rewriting capability. As predicted, the current silicon-based computer circuits are reaching their physical limits. Further miniaturization of the electronic components and increase in data storage density are vital for the next generation of IT equipment such as ultra high-speed mobile computing, communication devices and sophisticated sensors. This original book presents a comprehensive introduction to the significant research achievements on high-density data storage from the aspects of recording mechanisms, materials and fabrication technologies, which are promising for overcoming the physical limits of current data storage systems. The book serves as an useful guide for the development of optimized materials, technologies and device structures for future information storage, and will lead readers to the fascinating world of information technology in the future.

Sparse Distributed Memory
Sparse Distributed Memory

Author: Pentti Kanerva

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 9780262111324

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Motivated by the remarkable fluidity of memory the way in which items are pulled spontaneously and effortlessly from our memory by vague similarities to what is currently occupying our attention "Sparse Distributed Memory "presents a mathematically elegant theory of human long term memory.The book, which is self contained, begins with background material from mathematics, computers, and neurophysiology; this is followed by a step by step development of the memory model. The concluding chapter describes an autonomous system that builds from experience an internal model of the world and bases its operation on that internal model. Close attention is paid to the engineering of the memory, including comparisons to ordinary computer memories."Sparse Distributed Memory "provides an overall perspective on neural systems. The model it describes can aid in understanding human memory and learning, and a system based on it sheds light on outstanding problems in philosophy and artificial intelligence. Applications of the memory are expected to be found in the creation of adaptive systems for signal processing, speech, vision, motor control, and (in general) robots. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the memory, in its implications for research in neural networks, is that its realization with neuronlike components resembles the cortex of the cerebellum.Pentti Kanerva is a scientist at the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center and a visiting scholar at the Stanford Center for the Study of Language and Information. A Bradford Book.