Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 7:T Cells
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 7:T Cells

Author: Osis Stutman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 1468430548

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And even I can remember A day when historians left blanks in their writings, I mean for things they didn't know. -Ezra Pound, Canto XIII * The prefaces to the previous volumes of this series have all expressed in various ways the actual motivation behind these collective efforts. There was agreement in most instances that we are facing some kind of publication explosion, and that the present type of compact and personalized reviews may be of help, from both a conceptual and a purely informational standpoint. The aims of the series were, and still are, to focus attention on the rapidly changing fields within the realm of immunology, and to present in each chapter the summation of results generated by an investigator or group of Investigators, either as an analysis of their own work or as a correlation of such work with the general field in question. The present volume does not differ in its construction from its predecessors, although it does concentrate on a single target, the T lymphocyte and its biology. The selection of subjects as well as contributors has been the sole responsi bility of this editor; however, the actual format and length of the individual contributions was left to the discretion and inspiration of the different authors. Even the styles, ranging from the concise statement to the meticulously detailed review, attest to the freedom of format.

Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology

Author: John J. Marchalonis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1461591317

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The problem that virtually all cells have in discriminating between "self" and "non-self" molecules and cells has been considered at great length in immuno biology. However, cells that clearly are incapable of carrying out mammalian type immune functions can exhibit exquisite specificity in their capacity to discriminate among syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic cells. In this volume of Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology we have chosen to consider the general problem of self/non-self discrimination as it is manifest in recognition reactions of plants and invertebrates and in the evolutionary development of the immune response of vertebrates. A broad, many-faceted approach is taken toward fundamental issues in immunobiology in order to develop innovative concepts of receptor function as well as to delineate traditional views. The capacity of plants to discriminate between self and non-self is addressed in Chapter 1 by R. B. Knox and Adrienne E. Clarke. These authors provide examples of cell-cell recognition in plants that parallel those occurring in in vertebrates and vertebrates. In general, tolerance (acceptance) of grafts is re stricted to plants within closely related genera. Recognition is mediated by callus cells, which proliferate at wound surfaces in higher plants, and there is a correlation between cell and tissue type and antigenic markers detectable with the use of mammalian antibodies. Certain flowering plants exhibit precise discrimination in fertilization, when pollen must be from the same species, but fertilization occurs only if the pollen is genetically non-self.

Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology

Author: Noel Warner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1468409220

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In this current volume of Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology we have chosen to continue with the multiple-theme approach that was developed in Volumes 1, 3, and 5 of this series. Immunobiology still shows little sign of decreasing its active growth rate, but rather is continuing to broaden its range of interests and applications, particularly as new techniques and methods are adapted from other fields of medical research. This present volume reflects both several of the more classical areas of immunology now addressed in the light of contemporary immunology, and several newer directions that have been taken in other fields. The general subject of T-cell heterogeneity and functions of T-cell subpop ulations is addressed in Chapters 1 and 2. The potential role of genes of the major histocompatibility complex in controlling the immune functions of T lymphocytes still remains a major unresolved issue in immunogenetics, and the current status of this problem is excellently reviewed by J. F. A. P. Miller. The further elucidation of functional subpopulations of human T lymphocytes has been particularly hampered by the lack of available markers for character izing and isolating such sUbpopulations. A major step in this direction has been made by L. Moretta, M. Ferrarini, and M. D. Cooper, who review their ex perience with Fc-receptor-bearing human T-Iymphocyte populations.

Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology

Author: Noel L. Warner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1468437011

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Although the field of contemporary immunobiology continues to diversify and encompass an increasing array of biomedical disciplines and topics, there are frequently several themes that will receive special emphasis and prominence at any given time. It is our hope that this series will reflect these themes and pro vide an appropriate venue for exposure of such topics at a useful time. Although this particular volume is not designated as one of the special topics volumes in this series, the selected topics have in essence come together to con sider aspects of two major areas of considerable research interest in immuno biology today. These concern new approaches and insights into an understanding of the tumor-host relationship, and aspects of cellular interactions and networks as approached by various different lines of investigation. The province of tumor immunology remains one of the most challenging areas to immunologists, as it of necessity involves not only developing an under standing of the neoplastic process itself and how the immune system responds, but of eventually using this information in a diagnostic or therapeutic manner.

Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology

Author: Edwin Cooper

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 1468430483

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This fourth volume of Contemporary Topics In Immunobiology treats in vertebrate immunity. Specifically, the results represent several approaches to humoral and cellular immunity. It is evident that invertebrates do have function ing immune systems. For example, cellular immunity is characterized by both specificity and memory, but it is still problematical whether vertebrate immune capacity evolved directly from invertebrates. Most of the manuscripts were formally presented at the International Symposium on Invertebrate Pathology, University of Minnesota, August 1972, held in connection with the 25th anniversary celebration of the American Insti tute of Biological Sciences. I wish to express my appreciation to the contributors and to beg their indulgence in what may have been overzealous editing. This was done, though, in the interest of clarity and to seek uniformity. Because of earlier problems, time limitations did not permit consultations between submission of manuscripts and final editing. For assistance, I extend a special note of gratitude to Mrs. Lois Gehringer who unselfishly retyped many of the manuscripts. The preparation of this volume was aided partially by NSF Grant GB17767, two grants from The California Institute for Cancer Research, and a grant from The Brown-Hazen Corporation. E.L.C. Contents Introduction: General Comments and a Note on Taxonomy ....................... .

Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology
Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology

Author: Gordon Ada

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 1468428381

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A series of volumes devoted to molecular immunology will contain, for the most part, articles which attempt to explain immunological phenomena in terms of the behavior and properties of particular molecules. Many of the articles in this volume do this. At the same time, there are many instances-and this is particularly so in the case of immunology-where phenomena must first be described and interpreted in terms of the properties and behavior of cells. Most of us would hope that in due course a fuller understanding will be forthcoming. This volume starts off with such a contribution. Perhaps the most fascinat ing problem in immunology is how diversity is generated. There are two broad proposals: (1) that complete information exists ab initio (the germ-line theory), and (2) that there is initially a limited amount of information, and diversity is generated by somatic mutation. The issue is unresolved, but Cunningham has taken many of the data which have previously been used to support the germ-line theory and shows that the interpretations are not always clear-cut and can frequently be used to support another possibility-that new specificities may arise after stimulation of appropriate cells by antigens. And he has produced experimental evidence to support this notion. On the other hand, there can be little doubt that to a considerable degree the specificity of the immune response is determined by the selection by antigen of cells with receptors of appropriate specificity. This is essentially a surface phenomenon.

Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology
Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology

Author: H. Eisen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 1468481428

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Immunochemistry, recently rechristened molecular immunology, has been pre occupied throughout its long history with the structure and function of antibodies and the specificity of antibody-antigen reactions. With the recent X-ray diffrac of several crystallized immunoglobulin (Ig) fragments and a whole tion analyses Ig molecule, the three-dimensional structure of antibodies and their ligand combining sites has been realized, marking the concluding stages of a phase of immunological research that can be traced back at least 75 years. At the same time chemically minded immunologists have been moving in new directions. A substantial beginning in one direction has been made with the purification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for Ig chains. Hybridization of these RNAs (or their DNA copies made with the enzyme reverse transcriptase) to cell DNA is beginning to provide convincing estimates of the number of germ-line Ig genes. And some hybridization studies have already yielded suggestive evidence for translocation of V and C genes from separate to contiguous positions in DNA isolated from cells at different stages of differentiation. Moreover, in vitro trans lation of Ig mRNAs has revealed a remarkably hydrophobic stretch of about 20 amino acids at the N-terminus of the nascent Ig chain. This extra piece is absent in the Ig extracted from or secreted by plasma cells, presumably because it is rapidly cleaved from the "preimmunoglobulin" chain within the cell, but the extra piece probably plays a key role in directing the synthesis of prelg to the cell's secretory pathway.

Cytolytic Lymphocytes and Complement Effectors of the Immune System
Cytolytic Lymphocytes and Complement Effectors of the Immune System

Author: Eckhard R. Podack

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 1351088203

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These volumes, Cytolytic Lymphocytes and Complement: Effectors of the Immune System, originate from the realization that pathways of recognition and killings of foreign targets follow similar routes in the humoral and cellular part of the immune system. In particular, the homology of immunoglobins with the T-cell-MHC-antigen receptor at the beginning of the recognition sequence and the homology of complement component C9 with lymphocyte perforin 1 (P1) as pore formers at the end of the effector sequence are striking examples.

In Situ Expression of Tumor Immunity
In Situ Expression of Tumor Immunity

Author: Isaac Witz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 1468436775

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Because of several valid (and some invalid) reasons, the research field of tumor immunology has been declining in popularity. The Simplistic dogmas, articles of faith, and theories of the late 1960s and early 1970s on the immuno logical mechanisms of the host-tumor interrelationships have frequently been refuted by some of the new developments in cancer biology, cancer biochem istry, and immunology. Furthermore, some of the conventional assays used to monitor "tumor-host immune relations" did not always reflect the host's true clinical situation or his prognosis. Several approaches to immunological interven tion were less successful than expected. In addition, the concept of "immune surveillance," which was basic to many researchers in the field of cancer im munology, seemed to fall apart. Much of the criticism was based on results from solid, well-performed, and well-controlled experiments, but there was also un just criticism based on ill-conceived and badly performed studies, and on misin terpretations of experimental data. There are many misconceptions about the tumor-host relationship. It is very often assumed that tumor immunity, as expressed systemically, is truly reflected at the tumor site. Several studies reported in this volume and elsewhere indicate that such is not always the case. Certain immune effectors may be selectively prevented from reaching the tumor site or the close vicinity of the tumor cells because of mechanical or chemical barriers, whereas others may be selectively attracted to the site by chemotaxis or other mechanisms.