Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions
Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions

Author: António C. Azevedo

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-09-14

Total Pages: 93

ISBN-13: 3031122674

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This book discusses the behaviour of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts affected by internal expansion reactions (ISR). For that purpose, the numerical modelling of damaged concrete was performed using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model (CDPM) implemented in ABAQUS and validated the model through Sankovich's tests. A procedure to automatically obtain the concrete plasticity and damage parameters, essential for CDPM, was developed in Matlab. The inputs were the characteristic compressive strength of the concrete, the equivalent length of the finite element mesh and the ratio between the plastic and inelastic compressive strains. The results showed that the CDPM could represent the load-bearing mechanisms of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts for a range of several stress levels to which these elements may be subjected in the panels investigated. The numerical simulations for different expansion levels consistently captured the expected damage profile of the panels and the load corresponding to the formation of the first crack, the estimated crack opening, and the ultimate load. For the panels investigated, the reduction observed in the failure load reached values close to 70%, the increase of the tensile plastic deformation was more than 60%, and the maximum crack opening can reach an increase of 113% when compared with those observed experimentally in panels without internal swelling reactions The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, practitioners, and lecturers in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.

Diagnostic of Concrete Samples Affected by Internal Swelling Reactions
Diagnostic of Concrete Samples Affected by Internal Swelling Reactions

Author: António C. Azevedo

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-18

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 3030764974

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This book offers a complete diagnosis of concrete samples collected from a pile cap block of residential buildings affected by internal swelling reactions. Covering an extensive laboratory campaign to evaluate the transport properties of concrete samples, as well as their physical and chemical composition using advanced techniques to analyse cores extracted from real buildings that have concrete elements affected by internal swelling reactions (ISR). It features several rehabilitation procedures, pile caps repair and rehabilitation design, executed using strengthening procedures to provide the complete restoration of the structural integrity of the element deteriorated. These rehabilitation procedures proved to be a good solution to retrofit pile cap deteriorated by expansions due to internal swelling reactions of concrete. The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, and practitioners in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

Author: Ian Sims

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-08-01

Total Pages: 768

ISBN-13: 1317484428

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Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete: A World Review is unique in providing authoritative and up to date expert information on the causes and effects of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) in concrete structures worldwide. In 1992 a first edition entitled The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete, edited by Professor Narayan Swamy, was published in a first attempt to cover this concrete problem from a global perspective, but the coverage was incomplete. This completely new edition offers a fully updated and more universal coverage of the world situation concerning AAR and includes a wealth of new evidence and research information that has accumulated in the intervening years. Although there are various textbooks offering readers sections that deal with AAR deterioration and damage to concrete, no other single book brings together the views of recognised international experts in the field, and the wealth of scattered research information that is available. It provides a ‘state of the art’ review and deals authoritatively with the mechanisms of AAR, its diagnosis and how to treat concrete affected by AAR. It is illustrated by numerous actual examples from around the world, and comprises specialist contributions provided by senior engineers and scientists from many parts of the world. The book is divided into two distinct but complementary parts. The first five chapters deal with the most recent findings concerning the mechanisms involved in the reaction, methods concerning its diagnosis, testing and evaluation, together with an appraisal of current methods used in its avoidance and in the remediation of affected concrete structures. The second part is divided into eleven chapters covering each region of the world in turn. These chapters have been written by experts with specialist knowledge of AAR in the countries involved and include an authoritative appraisal of the problem and its solution as it affects concrete structures in the region. Such an authoritative compilation of information on AAR has not been attempted previously on this scale and this work is therefore an essential source for practising and research civil engineers, consultant engineers and materials scientists, as well as aggregate and cement producers, designers and concrete suppliers, especially regarding projects outside their own region.

Deteriorated Concrete
Deteriorated Concrete

Author: Frank Rendell

Publisher: Thomas Telford

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13: 9780727731197

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- Concrete - Deterioration of concrete - In situ investigation of concrete deterioration - Laboratory testing - X-ray diffraction analysis - Scanning electron microscopy and micro-analysis - Physiochemical examination of concrete - Case studies - Appendix 1 Data interpretation - Appendix 2 Interaction between radiation and a solid - Appendix 3 Structure and description of crystals - Appendix 4 Mineralogical data - Index

Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete
Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete

Author: Mark G. Richardson

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2003-09-02

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 0203223195

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Durability failures in reinforced concrete structures are wasteful of resources and energy. The introduction to practice of European Standard EN 206-1 represents a significant shift in emphasis on the need to explicitly consider each potential durability threat when specifying and producing concrete. Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete presents the fundamental aspects of concrete durability including reinforcement corrosion, carbonation, chloride ingress, alkali-aggregate reaction, freeze/thaw damage, sulphate attack, chemical attack, cracking, abrasion and weathering. The background to the durability exposure classes in EN 206-1 is also explained. Future directions in performance-based specifications and mathematical modelling of degradation are presented. This book will be of particular interest to specifiers applying the principles of the new European Standard EN 206-1 for the first time, to postgraduate researchers in mathematical modelling of degradation mechanisms, to undergraduates of engineering, architecture and building technology, and students of advanced concrete technology who require a concise source of reference on concrete durability.

Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications
Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications

Author: Jiping Bai

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2022-12-05

Total Pages: 844

ISBN-13: 0128203471

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Advanced Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications, Second Edition provides updates on new research that has been carried out on the use of FRP composites for structural applications. These include the further development of advanced FRP composites materials that achieve lighter and stronger FRP composites, how to enhance FRP integrated behavior through matrix modification, along with information on pretension treatments and intelligence technology. The development of new technology such as automated manufacturing and processing of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have played a significant role in optimizing fabrication processing and matrix formation. In this new edition, all chapters have been brought fully up-to-date to take on the key aspects mentioned above. The book's chapters cover all areas relevant to advanced FRP composites, from the material itself, its manufacturing, properties, testing and applications in structural and civil engineering. Applications span from civil engineering, to buildings and the energy industry. - Covers all areas relevant to advanced FRP composites, from the material itself, its manufacturing, properties, testing and applications in structural engineering - Features new manufacturing techniques, such as automated fiber placement and 3D printing of composites - Includes various applications, such as prestressed-FRP, FRP made of short fibers, continuous structural health monitoring using advanced optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG), durability of FRP-strengthened structures, and the application of carbon nano-tubes or platelets for enhancing durability of FRP-bonded structures

Concrete Structures Part-II, 2nd Edition
Concrete Structures Part-II, 2nd Edition

Author: Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi

Publisher: Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi

Published: 2012-02-22

Total Pages: 763

ISBN-13: 9698633103

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This book is prepared according to the 2011 ACI Code for buildings and AASHTO LRFD Specifications for bridges. The units used throughout the presentation are the SI units according to the official system of units in Pakistan. As in Part-I of the same series of books, it is tried that the three main phases of structural design, namely load determination, design calculations and detailing together are introduced to the beginner. Besides reinforced concrete design, basics of formwork design, plain concrete properties and repair / rehabilitation of concrete structures are also presented. This book is useful with the 1st part of the same book. Suggestions for further improvement of the presentation will be highly appreciated and will be incorporated in the future editions.

Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures
Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures

Author: Victor E. Saouma

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-09-21

Total Pages: 603

ISBN-13: 3030440141

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This book presents the work of the RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR. Addressing two complementary but fundamental issues: the kinetics of the reaction, and how this will affect the integrity of the structure (serviceability and strength), it also provides methodology for assessing past deterioration to enable readers to make engineering/science-based predictions concerning future expansion. The book is divided into six major topics: selection and interpretation of optimal monitoring system for structures undergoing expansion to monitor the progress of the swelling evolution and its consequences; development/refinement of current laboratory procedures to determine the kinetics of the reaction i.e. expansion vs (future) time, and to determine the kinetic characteristics of the time-dependent reaction to be used in a finite element simulation; extrapolation of results from structural component laboratory testing; selection of material properties based on data from existing structures affected by the alkali silica reaction or delayed ettringite formation; identification of critical features that should be present in a finite element code, development of test problems for validation, and a survey of relevant programs able to conduct a transient structural analysis of a structure undergoing chemically induced expansion; and lastly guidelines for finite element codes. The book is intended for practitioners responsible for concrete structures affected by the damaging alkali aggregate reaction, engineers dealing with aging structures, and researchers in the field.