Modeling and simulation play an ever increasing role in the development and optimization of materials. Computational Materials Science presents the most important approaches in this new interdisciplinary field of materials science and engineering. The reader will learn to assess which numerical method is appropriate for performing simulations at the various microstructural levels and how they can be coupled. This book addresses graduate students and professionals in materials science and engineering as well as materials-oriented physicists and mechanical engineers.
This work is a needed reference for widely used techniques and methods of computer simulation in physics and other disciplines, such as materials science. Molecular dynamics computes a molecule's reactions and dynamics based on physical models; Monte Carlo uses random numbers to image a system's behaviour when there are different possible outcomes with related probabilities. The work conveys both the theoretical foundations as well as applications and "tricks of the trade", that often are scattered across various papers. Thus it will meet a need and fill a gap for every scientist who needs computer simulations for his/her task at hand. In addition to being a reference, case studies and exercises for use as course reading are included.
The scope of this book is to identify and emphasize the successful link between computational materials modeling as a simulation and design tool and its synergistic application to experimental research and alloy development. The book provides a more balanced perspective of the role that computational modeling can play in every day research and development efforts. Each chapter describes one or more particular computational tool and how they are best used.
Emphasising essential methods and universal principles, this textbook provides everything students need to understand the basics of simulating materials behaviour. All the key topics are covered from electronic structure methods to microstructural evolution, appendices provide crucial background material, and a wealth of practical resources are available online to complete the teaching package. Modelling is examined at a broad range of scales, from the atomic to the mesoscale, providing students with a solid foundation for future study and research. Detailed, accessible explanations of the fundamental equations underpinning materials modelling are presented, including a full chapter summarising essential mathematical background. Extensive appendices, including essential background on classical and quantum mechanics, electrostatics, statistical thermodynamics and linear elasticity, provide the background necessary to fully engage with the fundamentals of computational modelling. Exercises, worked examples, computer codes and discussions of practical implementations methods are all provided online giving students the hands-on experience they need.
Powerful computers now enable scientists to model the physical and chemical properties and behavior of complex materials using first principles. This book introduces dramatically new computational techniques in materials research, specifically for understanding molecular dynamics.
Computational Materials Science provides the theoretical basis necessary for understanding atomic surface phenomena and processes of phase transitions, especially crystallization, is given. The most important information concerning computer simulation by different methods and simulation techniques for modeling of physical systems is also presented. A number of results are discussed regarding modern studies of surface processes during crystallization. There is sufficiently full information on experiments, theory, and simulations concerning the surface roughening transition, kinetic roughening, nucleation kinetics, stability of crystal shapes, thin film formation, imperfect structure of small crystals, size dependent growth velocity, distribution coefficient at growth from alloy melts, superstructure ordering in the intermetallic compound. Computational experiments described in the last chapter allow visualization of the course of many processes and better understanding of many key problems in Materials Science. There is a set of practical steps concerning computational procedures presented. Open access to executable files in the book make it possible for everyone to understand better phenomena and processes described in the book. - Valuable reference book, but also helpful as a supplement to courses - Computer programs available to supplement examples - Presents several new methods of computational materials science and clearly summarizes previous methods and results
Understanding Molecular Simulation: From Algorithms to Applications explains the physics behind the "recipes" of molecular simulation for materials science. Computer simulators are continuously confronted with questions concerning the choice of a particular technique for a given application. A wide variety of tools exist, so the choice of technique requires a good understanding of the basic principles. More importantly, such understanding may greatly improve the efficiency of a simulation program. The implementation of simulation methods is illustrated in pseudocodes and their practical use in the case studies used in the text. Since the first edition only five years ago, the simulation world has changed significantly -- current techniques have matured and new ones have appeared. This new edition deals with these new developments; in particular, there are sections on: - Transition path sampling and diffusive barrier crossing to simulaterare events - Dissipative particle dynamic as a course-grained simulation technique - Novel schemes to compute the long-ranged forces - Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian dynamics in the context constant-temperature and constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations - Multiple-time step algorithms as an alternative for constraints - Defects in solids - The pruned-enriched Rosenbluth sampling, recoil-growth, and concerted rotations for complex molecules - Parallel tempering for glassy Hamiltonians Examples are included that highlight current applications and the codes of case studies are available on the World Wide Web. Several new examples have been added since the first edition to illustrate recent applications. Questions are included in this new edition. No prior knowledge of computer simulation is assumed.
This book is the first to introduce a mesoscale polymer simulation system called OCTA. With its name derived from "Open Computational Tool for Advanced material technology," OCTA is a unique software product, available without charge, that was developed in a project funded by Japanese government. OCTA contains a series of simulation programs focused on mesoscale simulation of the soft matter COGNAC, SUSHI, PASTA, NAPLES, MUFFIN, and KAPSEL. When mesoscale polymer simulation is performed, one may encounter many difficulties that this book will help to overcome. The book not only introduces the theoretical background and functions of each simulation engine, it also provides many examples of the practical applications of the OCTA system. Those examples include predicting mechanical properties of plastic and rubber, morphology formation of polymer blends and composites, the micelle structure of surfactants, and optical properties of polymer films. This volume is strongly recommended as a valuable resource for both academic and industrial researchers who work in polymer simulation.
Computational Materials Engineering: Achieving High Accuracy and Efficiency in Metals Processing Simulations describes the most common computer modeling and simulation techniques used in metals processing, from so-called "fast" models to more advanced multiscale models, also evaluating possible methods for improving computational accuracy and efficiency. Beginning with a discussion of conventional fast models like internal variable models for flow stress and microstructure evolution, the book moves on to advanced multiscale models, such as the CAFÉ method, which give insights into the phenomena occurring in materials in lower dimensional scales. The book then delves into the various methods that have been developed to deal with problems, including long computing times, lack of proof of the uniqueness of the solution, difficulties with convergence of numerical procedures, local minima in the objective function, and ill-posed problems. It then concludes with suggestions on how to improve accuracy and efficiency in computational materials modeling, and a best practices guide for selecting the best model for a particular application. - Presents the numerical approaches for high-accuracy calculations - Provides researchers with essential information on the methods capable of exact representation of microstructure morphology - Helpful to those working on model classification, computing costs, heterogeneous hardware, modeling efficiency, numerical algorithms, metamodeling, sensitivity analysis, inverse method, clusters, heterogeneous architectures, grid environments, finite element, flow stress, internal variable method, microstructure evolution, and more - Discusses several techniques to overcome modeling and simulation limitations, including distributed computing methods, (hyper) reduced-order-modeling techniques, regularization, statistical representation of material microstructure, and the Gaussian process - Covers both software and hardware capabilities in the area of improved computer efficiency and reduction of computing time
In this book the author discusses the investigation of ion bombardment of solids by computer simulation, with the aim of demonstrating the usefulness of this approach to the problem of interactions of ions with solids. The various chapters present the basic physics behind the simulation programs, their structure and many applications to different topics. The two main streams, the binary collision model and the classical dynamics model, are discussed, as are interaction potentials and electronic energy losses. The main topics investigated are backscattering, sputtering and implantation for incident atomic particles with energies from the eV to the MeV range. An extensive overview of the literature is given, making this book of interest to the active reseacher as well to students entering the field.
