Computational Evaluation of Strengthening the Out-of-plane Behavior of Masonry Walls Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Computational Evaluation of Strengthening the Out-of-plane Behavior of Masonry Walls Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Author: Jiyoung Lee

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have recently been used for retrofitting unreinforced masonry (URM) structures which are especially vulnerable to out-of-plane earthquake loads. FRPs have high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, and ease of applicability. Experiments are conducted to test the strength and ductility of FRP-retrofitted brick walls subjected to out-of-plane loading. Based on the material properties and testing set up, nonlinear finite element models were developed to study the effects of different material parameters.

Strengthening of Reinforced Masonry Walls Subjected to Out-of-plane Pseudo-static Cyclic Load Using Advanced Composite
Strengthening of Reinforced Masonry Walls Subjected to Out-of-plane Pseudo-static Cyclic Load Using Advanced Composite

Author: Zuhair Al-Jaberi

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13:

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"A number of researchers have conducted experimental tests on unreinforced masonry walls (URM) strengthened with advanced composite materials. Consequently, the strengthening design guidelines are limited in their scope to URM. This research aimed to investigate the behavior of reinforced masonry walls strengthened with advanced composite and subjected to out-of-plane pseudo-static cyclic load. Experimental and analytical studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of different techniques such as near surface mounted (NSM) and externally bonded (EB) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) with epoxy resin, in addition to NSM with cementitious adhesive and fiber reinforced cementitious material (FRCM). The experimental part included three phases. In the first phase, a series of 42 reinforced masonry walls were tested to study the effectiveness of advanced composites in enhancing out-of-plane flexural capacity. The effect of long-term environmental exposure on strengthening systems was investigated in the second phase of study by testing 10 reinforced masonry walls. The third phase focused on bond behavior between the advanced composite and the concrete masonry unit at different temperatures; 56 specimens were used for this purpose. The results indicated that the non-arching strengthened reinforced masonry wall's behavior was significantly dependent on the type of fiber and fiber reinforcement ratio. The specimens strengthened with glass under combined environmental cycles exhibited an insignificant change in terms of ultimate strength as compared to laboratory conditioned specimens. The theoretical part included the investigation of bond reduction factors, seismic performance, and the nonlinear analysis of strengthened reinforced masonry wall using moment-curvature analysis. As a result of this study, the proposed model for predicting debonding strain and the moment-curvature relation presented an excellent prediction compared to the experimental results"--Abstract, page iv.

Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020

Author: Osvaldo Gervasi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-09-29

Total Pages: 1035

ISBN-13: 3030588203

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The seven volumes LNCS 12249-12255 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2020, held in Cagliari, Italy, in July 2020. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was organized in an online event. Computational Science is the main pillar of most of the present research, industrial and commercial applications, and plays a unique role in exploiting ICT innovative technologies. The 466 full papers and 32 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1450 submissions. Apart from the general track, ICCSA 2020 also include 52 workshops, in various areas of computational sciences, ranging from computational science technologies, to specific areas of computational sciences, such as software engineering, security, machine learning and artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, and of applications in many fields.

Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Masonry Walls Retrofitted with FRP Reinforcement in Out of Plane Bending for Cyclic Loading
Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Masonry Walls Retrofitted with FRP Reinforcement in Out of Plane Bending for Cyclic Loading

Author: Jeremy Keith Wallace

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13:

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During recent years, near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have displayed exceptional results when used to retrofit un-reinforced masonry walls for flexural out-of-plane strengthening. This process involves cutting a shallow groove into the masonry wall, which is less than the thickness of the face shell. FRP bars are then placed into the groove and embedded in an epoxy paste, which transfers stresses from the masonry wall to the reinforcing bar. Although this retrofitting technique is advantageous for most structural applications, the nature of the bar location introduces an inherent restriction. By locating the bar at a depth no greater than the thickness of the face shell, the flexural strength is only increased in one direction. This limitation introduced an opportunity to develop a novel approach to flexural out-of-plane strengthening of masonry walls for cyclic loading, which was the overall objective of this research project. The retrofitting technique is similar to that of NSM rods; but the FRP bars are placed at the centerline of the wall analogous to traditional steel rebars for two directional reinforcing. Test results confirmed that FRP bars can be used to drastically increase flexural capacity of masonry walls subjected to cyclic loading, while remaining practical and beneficial in terms of field construction. Standard working stress equations were also used to conservatively predict the structural responses of the masonry walls within 9 to 15.8 percent.

Out-of-plane Shear Strength of Masonry Walls Reinforced with Fiber Composites
Out-of-plane Shear Strength of Masonry Walls Reinforced with Fiber Composites

Author: Donata Merie Williams

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13:

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Investigates the out-of-plane shear behavior of masonry walls reinforced with fiber composite sheets by testing twelve wall panels with five different configurations of fiber reinforcement. Failure load, mid-span deflection, and failure mode were evaluated in each test and recommendations given.

Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures
Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures

Author: Asteris, Panagiotis G.

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2015-07-13

Total Pages: 867

ISBN-13: 1466682876

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Rehabilitation of heritage monuments provides sustainable development and cultural significance to a region. The most sensitive aspect of the refurbishment of existing buildings lies in the renovation and recovery of structural integrity and public safety. The Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures evaluates developing contributions in the field of earthquake engineering with regards to the analysis and treatment of structural damage inflicted by seismic activity. This book is a vital reference source for professionals, researchers, students, and engineers active in the field of earthquake engineering who are interested in the emergent developments and research available in the preservation and rehabilitation of heritage buildings following seismic activity.

Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures
Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures

Author: Bahman Ghiassi

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2019-06-15

Total Pages: 890

ISBN-13: 0081024401

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Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures: From Theory to Application provides detailed information on the theoretical background and practical guidelines for numerical modeling of unreinforced and reinforced (strengthened) masonry and historical structures. The book consists of four main sections, covering seismic vulnerability analysis of masonry and historical structures, numerical modeling of unreinforced masonry, numerical modeling of FRP-strengthened masonry, and numerical modeling of TRM-strengthened masonry. Each section reflects the theoretical background and current state-of-the art, providing practical guidelines for simulations and the use of input parameters. Covers important issues relating to advanced methodologies for the seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry and historical structures Focuses on modeling techniques used for the nonlinear analysis of unreinforced masonry and strengthened masonry structures Follows a theory to practice approach

Proceedings of XXIV AIMETA Conference 2019
Proceedings of XXIV AIMETA Conference 2019

Author: Antonio Carcaterra

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-03-31

Total Pages: 2200

ISBN-13: 3030410579

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This book gathers the peer-reviewed papers presented at the XXIV Conference of the Italian Association of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, held in Rome, Italy, on September 15-19, 2019 (AIMETA 2019). The conference topics encompass all aspects of general, fluid, solid and structural mechanics, as well as mechanics for machines and mechanical systems, including theoretical, computational and experimental techniques and technological applications. As such the book represents an invaluable, up-to-the-minute tool, providing an essential overview of the most recent advances in the field.

Behavior of Infill Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRP Materials
Behavior of Infill Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRP Materials

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Collapse of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, including infill walls, is a leading cause of property damage and loss of life during extreme loading events. Many existing structures are in need of retrofit to bring them in compliance with modern design code provisions. Conventional strengthening techniques are often time-consuming, costly, and add significant weight to the structure. These limitations have driven the development of alternatives such as externally bonded (EB) glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) strengthening systems, which are not only lightweight, but can be rapidly applied and do not require prolonged evacuation of the structure. The objective of this research program was to evaluate the effectiveness of strengthening infill masonry walls with externally bonded GFRP sheets to increase their out-of-plane resistance to loading. The experimental program comprises fourteen full-scale specimens, including four un-strengthened (control) specimens and ten strengthened specimens. All specimens consisted of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame (which simulates the supporting RC elements of a building superstructure) that was in-filled with solid concrete brick masonry. The specimens were loaded by out-of-plane uniformly distributed pressure in cycles up to failure. Parameters investigated include the aspect ratio, the strengthening ratio, the number of wythes, and the type of FRP anchorage used. The type of FRP anchorage was found to greatly influence the failure mode. Un-strengthened specimens failed in flexure. However, strengthened specimens without overlap of the FRP onto the RC frame failed due to sliding shear along the bed joints which allowed the walls to push out from the RC frames in a rigid body fashion. In the case where GFRP sheets were overlapped onto the RC frames, the aforementioned sliding shear caused delamination of the GFRP sheets from the RC frames. Use of steel angles anchored along the perimeter of the walls as shear restraints allo.