Composition of California Shellmounds
Composition of California Shellmounds

Author: Edward Winslow Gifford

Publisher: Palala Press

Published: 2016-05-16

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13: 9781356734085

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Composition of California Shellmounds - Scholar's Choice Edition
Composition of California Shellmounds - Scholar's Choice Edition

Author: Edward Winslow Gifford

Publisher: Scholar's Choice

Published: 2015-02-20

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13: 9781296409562

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Composition of California Shellmounds
Composition of California Shellmounds

Author: Edward Winslow Gifford

Publisher: Rarebooksclub.com

Published: 2013-09

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 9781230089911

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 edition. Excerpt: ...Since that is the case, the head war-chief obviously was not a ruler, nor a despot, nor a monarch, in the European sense of the word. Another most important fact in connection with the possible question of supremacy between the council and the war-chief is the fact that the war-chieftainship was an elective office. The fact that the war-chief was elected is common knowledge, and it is mentioned or referred to in practically all the literature.85 The significance of this fact is often passed by. It certainly makes a sharp distinction between the Aztec leaders and the European monarchs of the same period. No real monarch can be elected, it seems to me, the example of the kings of Poland and the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire to the contrary notwithstanding. The kings of Poland were, as a matter of fact, kings only in name; and the same might be said with regard to the German emperors. The head war-chief had the title in Aztec of tlacatecuhtli, translated ' chief of men.' He was also known as ' speaker' (tlatoavi, degenerated sometimes to tetitan).a His principal office was to lead warriors to battle.87 It may not be out of place to insist with Bandelier that the head war-chief was not a king. 82 Codex Ramirez, pp. 52, 62, 66, 67, 80; Fragmento 1, pp. 124, 127; Fragmento 2, pp. 137, 147. 83 Diaz, p. 95. The fact of election is amply supported.88 One authority says that he was elected by the tribal council.89 Sahagim, however, who gives much the fullest information on such points, says that the war-chief was elected by a "junta" of speakers, clan chiefs, old leaders, and priests, not by ballot, but unanimously.90 Of the two, the latter statement seems much the more reasonable. It is supported by the Codex Mendoza,91 and by a...