Composite Sampling
Composite Sampling

Author: Ganapati P. Patil

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-12-25

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1441976280

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Sampling consists of selection, acquisition, and quantification of a part of the population. While selection and acquisition apply to physical sampling units of the population, quantification pertains only to the variable of interest, which is a particular characteristic of the sampling units. A sampling procedure is expected to provide a sample that is representative with respect to some specified criteria. Composite sampling, under idealized conditions, incurs no loss of information for estimating the population means. But an important limitation to the method has been the loss of information on individual sample values, such as, the extremely large value. In many of the situations where individual sample values are of interest or concern, composite sampling methods can be suitably modified to retrieve the information on individual sample values that may be lost due to compositing. This book presents statistical solutions to issues that arise in the context of applications of composite sampling.

Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators
Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators

Author: Frank R. Spellman

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2004-03-23

Total Pages: 707

ISBN-13: 0203502663

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A comprehensive, self-contained mathematics reference, The Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators will be useful to operators of all levels of expertise and experience. The text is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers basic math, Part 2 covers applied math concepts, and Part 3 presents a comprehensive workbook with

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, Second Edition
Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, Second Edition

Author: Frank R. Spellman

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2008-11-18

Total Pages: 868

ISBN-13: 1420075306

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Hailed on its initial publication as a real-world, practical handbook, the second edition of Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations continues to make the same basic point: water and wastewater operators must have a basic skill set that is both wide and deep. They must be generalists, well-rounded in the sciences, cyber operations, math operations, mechanics, technical concepts, and common sense. With coverage that spans the breadth and depth of the field, the handbook explores the latest principles and technologies and provides information necessary to prepare for licensure exams. Expanded from beginning to end, this second edition provides a no-holds-barred look at current management issues and includes the latest security information for protecting public assets. It presents in-depth coverage of management aspects and security needs and a new chapter covering the basics of blueprint reading. The chapter on water and wastewater mathematics has tripled in size and now contains an additional 200 problems and 350 math system operational problems with solutions. The manual examines numerous real-world operating scenarios, such as the intake of raw sewage and the treatment of water via residual management, and each scenario includes a comprehensive problem-solving practice set. The text follows a non-traditional paradigm based on real-world experience and proven parameters. Clearly written and user friendly, this revision of a bestseller builds on the remarkable success of the first edition. This book is a thorough compilation of water science, treatment information, process control procedures, problem-solving techniques, safety and health information, and administrative and technological trends.

NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document
NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document

Author: Washington Us Epa

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1993-02-18

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 9780873719612

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The NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document provides a comprehensive description of basic sampling requirements for NPDES storm water discharge permit applications and offers procedural guidance on how to conduct sampling. Many of the procedures in this manual are also applicable to the sampling requirements contained in NPDES storm water permits. Topics covered include background information and a summary of permit application requirements, the fundamentals of sampling (including obtaining flow data, handling samples, and sending them to the lab), analytical considerations, regulatory flexibility regarding storm water sampling, and health and safety considerations. This book will be a cornerstone of NPDES compliance for wastewater treatment plant managers and supervisors, consultants, laboratories, lab managers and chemists, regulators, current NPDES permit holders, and anyone applying for an NPDES permit.

Hazardous Waste Measurements
Hazardous Waste Measurements

Author: Milagros S. Simmons

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1990-12-19

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 9780873711715

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An essential component of all programs relating to waste management is the ability to perform measurements on-site for safe handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. This book focuses on recent developments in field testing methods and quality assurance, which are important to both RCRA and CLERLA hazardous waste management programs. The book highlights sampling strategies, field measurements, and toxicity screening of complex waste matrices. It also describes requirements for quality assurance intended to be used in hazardous wastes remediation, management, and control. Environmental scientists, analytical chemists, laboratory personnel, and other health professionals involved in the sampling, monitoring, and analysis of hazardous waste should consider this book an essential reference resource.

Fuel Oil Manual
Fuel Oil Manual

Author: Paul Frank Schmidt

Publisher: Industrial Press Inc.

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 9780831111663

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The properties of fuel oils. The possibilities and limitations of each grade. Methods which can be used to assure uniform quality and efficient combustion. Fuel oil impurities and how they affect combustion. How to diagnose and solve problems. This book is a Print-on-Demand edition. It replaces ISBN 978-0-8311-0205-0. This standard reference presents a broad scope of fuel oil technology. It uses both English and Metric units throughout. Chemistry of Petroleum Petroleum Refining Processes Grades and Types of Fuel Oils Gravity Heat of Combustion Viscosity Water and Sediment Carbon Residue Ash and Salt Residue Flash and Fire Points Pour Point Sulfur Color Fuel Oil Distillates Preheating of Fuel Oils Sampling Storage Tanks Stability of Fuel Oils Fuel Oil Treatments Reclaimed Fuel Oils Blending of Oils Transportation and Storage Troubles and Causes Stand-by Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel Oils Index

Quality Assessment of Water and Wastewater
Quality Assessment of Water and Wastewater

Author: Mamta Tomar

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1999-04-27

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9781566703826

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Water is the most basic need of mankind. Drinking water is considered the most essential use of water in life. Therefore it must be free of pathogens, toxins and carcinogens. Absolutley pure water does not exist in nature. Surface water absorbs particles, carbon dioxide and other gases and mixes with silt and inorganic matters from the environment. When treated and untreated domestic and industrial waste is discharged into natural bodies of water the situation becomes even more complex. Thus human waste, drinking water and communicable diseases are directly related. Water contamination is measured by the level of pollutants present in a sample. Regular analytical estimation of wastewater is the answer. This manual emphasizes the importance of water purity for drinking and domestic purposes, different types of water and their utilization in various activities, the water quality requirements and criteria of International and Governmental Agencies, and simple estimation procedures and the significance of each analytical test. Quality Assessment of Water and Wastewater describes methods for ascertaining the quality and contamination levels of waters from a range of sources like ground, surface, potable water supplies, marine, beaches, swimming pools and other recreational facilities, and domestic and industrial wastewater. It includes important derivatives used in the preparation of standard solutions, data analysis, interpretation and units of expressions of the results. It also discusses all major pollutants - their origins and impact on the environment and health - with the basic chemistry of their analysis and complete methodology explained systematically.

Post-Project Monitoring of BMP's/SUDS to Determine Performance and Whole-Life Costs
Post-Project Monitoring of BMP's/SUDS to Determine Performance and Whole-Life Costs

Author: L. K. Lampe

Publisher: IWA Publishing

Published: 2004-06-30

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 1843397161

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Over the past 20 years, the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in the United States has been instrumental in reducing both the detrimental impacts to receiving water quality and the exacerbated flooding caused by urbanization and storm water drainage. More recently, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) have started to be used in the United Kingdom. Both SUDS and BMPs attempt to mimic the drainage patterns of the natural watershed, and can also provide a degree of treatment needed to improve the quality of the water discharged to an acceptable level. The costs of conventional stormwater collection systems are determined primarily in terms of initial capital expenditure. Long-term maintenance costs are absorbed by stormwater authorities that are responsible for maintaining their infrastructure as part of their "asset base". Currently, only a few of these responsibilities exist for BMPs and SUDS, which generally incorporate surface components and are often dependent on landscaping rather than on traditional construction techniques, but may require significant regular maintenance. Any potential adopting organization will require guidance on the maintenance regimes of different types of systems and how such regimes translate into long-term adoption costs. The project is being conducted in two phases. Phase 1, which is the subject of this report, includes a literature review and a survey of stormwater authorities and organizations in the US and UK to identify the most commonly used BMPs and SUDS and to determine the availability of data on their cost and performance. As part of Phase 2, the operation of selected BMPs and SUDS will be monitored over a one-year period in terms of pollutant removal and hydrologic/hydraulic efficiency, and applicability of their design criteria and maintenance regime. The protocols developed in Phase 1 will be used to assess BMPs/SUDS performance and whole-life costs.