Republicanism, Communism, Islam
Republicanism, Communism, Islam

Author: John T. Sidel

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2021-05-15

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 1501755633

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In Republicanism, Communism, Islam, John T. Sidel provides an alternate vantage point for understanding the variegated forms and trajectories of revolution across the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam, a perspective that is de-nationalized, internationalized, and transnationalized. Sidel positions this new vantage point against the conventional framing of revolutions in modern Southeast Asian history in terms of a nationalist template, on the one hand, and distinctive local cultures and forms of consciousness, on the other. Sidel's comparative analysis shows how—in very different, decisive, and often surprising ways—the Philippine, Indonesian, and Vietnamese revolutions were informed, enabled, and impelled by diverse cosmopolitan connections and international conjunctures. Sidel addresses the role of Freemasonry in the making of the Philippine revolution, the importance of Communism and Islam in Indonesia's Revolusi, and the influence that shifting political currents in China and anticolonial movements in Africa had on Vietnamese revolutionaries. Through this assessment, Republicanism, Communism, and Islam tracks how these forces, rather than nationalism per se, shaped the forms of these revolutions, the ways in which they unfolded, and the legacies which they left in their wakes.

Islam after Communism
Islam after Communism

Author: Adeeb Khalid

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2014-02-08

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 0520957865

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How do Muslims relate to Islam in societies that experienced seventy years of Soviet rule? How did the utopian Bolshevik project of remaking the world by extirpating religion from it affect Central Asia? Adeeb Khalid combines insights from the study of both Islam and Soviet history to answer these questions. Arguing that the sustained Soviet assault on Islam destroyed patterns of Islamic learning and thoroughly de-Islamized public life, Khalid demonstrates that Islam became synonymous with tradition and was subordinated to powerful ethnonational identities that crystallized during the Soviet period. He shows how this legacy endures today and how, for the vast majority of the population, a return to Islam means the recovery of traditions destroyed under Communism. Islam after Communism reasons that the fear of a rampant radical Islam that dominates both Western thought and many of Central Asia’s governments should be tempered with an understanding of the politics of antiterrorism, which allows governments to justify their own authoritarian policies by casting all opposition as extremist. Placing the Central Asian experience in the broad comparative perspective of the history of modern Islam, Khalid argues against essentialist views of Islam and Muslims and provides a nuanced and well-informed discussion of the forces at work in this crucial region.

Muslims and Communists in Post-Transition States
Muslims and Communists in Post-Transition States

Author: Ben Fowkes

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-01-02

Total Pages: 175

ISBN-13: 1317995392

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Popular uprisings have taken many different forms in the last hundred or so years since Muslims first began to grapple with modernity and to confront various systems of domination both European and indigenous.The relevance of studies of popular uprising and revolt in the Muslim world has recently been underlined by shattering recent events, particularly in Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia and Libya. The book consists of a close analysis of the problématique of the Qur’an, showing the openness of the text to Islamic reform and renewal; the role of Islam in creating a specific form of communism in Albania and Kosova; the Chechen revolts against Russian rule after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the short-lived period of alliance between communism and Islam in the early 1920s; the history of alliances between British Muslims and socialists since the 1950s. The book also traces the evolution of the Muslim-Communist alliance during the twentieth century, analyses the driving forces behind it, looks at the new situation created by the democratic revolts of 2010-11 in the Middle East and attempts a prognosis for future relations between these and existing communist groups. This volume contributes to the debate over the aims and methods of these popular uprisings. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics.

Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe
Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe

Author: Kristen Ghodsee

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2009-07-27

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1400831350

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Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe examines how gender identities were reconfigured in a Bulgarian Muslim community following the demise of Communism and an influx of international aid from the Islamic world. Kristen Ghodsee conducted extensive ethnographic research among a small population of Pomaks, Slavic Muslims living in the remote mountains of southern Bulgaria. After Communism fell in 1989, Muslim minorities in Bulgaria sought to rediscover their faith after decades of state-imposed atheism. But instead of returning to their traditionally heterodox roots, isolated groups of Pomaks embraced a distinctly foreign type of Islam, which swept into their communities on the back of Saudi-financed international aid to Balkan Muslims, and which these Pomaks believe to be a more correct interpretation of their religion. Ghodsee explores how gender relations among the Pomaks had to be renegotiated after the collapse of both Communism and the region's state-subsidized lead and zinc mines. She shows how mosques have replaced the mines as the primary site for jobless and underemployed men to express their masculinity, and how Muslim women have encouraged this as a way to combat alcoholism and domestic violence. Ghodsee demonstrates how women's embrace of this new form of Islam has led them to adopt more conservative family roles, and how the Pomaks' new religion remains deeply influenced by Bulgaria's Marxist-Leninist legacy, with its calls for morality, social justice, and human solidarity.

Communism & Islamism
Communism & Islamism

Author: Mark N. Alexander

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2014-01-05

Total Pages: 70

ISBN-13: 9781497543270

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With the end of the cold war, it seemed that there would finally be an everlasting peace. President George Bush Sr. in his famous speech after the fall of communist Russia, spoke of a new world order. In the President's speech, he spoke of a world that was united under the rule of law, under a new system, guided by the principles of the United Nations. No longer would there be a divide between nations of North or South, East or West; humanism would be the creed of the new age. Democracy and Capitalism would be the guide to a globalized, secular, westernized system envisioned for this new world. A new civil religion in which all humanity will prostrate in atonement for past economic sin. This utopic vision of harmony between the sons of Adam did not last long, the never ending peace was soon tested by an old foe of Christendom, a foe with origins from Arabia, with a new tactical weapon, the weapon of terrorism. Christendom had much experience with this long forgotten foe, after all, it had been at war with Islam since the Islamic conquest of Byzantium territory in the late 7th century AD. Forgotten perhaps because the evolution of politics caused historical amnesia. Christendom finally defeated the Islamic enemy, when the Turks, a last futile attempt to save their ever so weakening empire, decided to side with Germany during WWI. With the defeat of Germany and Turkey, the Caliphate was no more; the last Islamic empire had fallen, the Ottoman Empire was finished. Yet some how Islam is back, literally invading Western Civilization all over again, only this time they are doing so without waging war, they are doing so at the invitation of Western governments. Why are Western governments literally creating their own demise? Perhaps it is because they belong to a philosophy we all thought had died with the fall of Soviet Russia; perhaps Communism & Islamism have unknowingly united, an alliance that seeks to destroy the Christian West and bring about a New World Order.

The Failure of Political Islam
The Failure of Political Islam

Author: Olivier Roy

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9780674291416

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This powerful argument reassess radical Islam and the set of ideas and assumptions at its core. Olivier Roy offers a challenging and highly original view that no-one trying to understand Islamic fundamentalism can afford to overlook.

A Mosque in Munich
A Mosque in Munich

Author: Ian Johnson

Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Published: 2010-05-04

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 0547488688

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In the wake of the news that the 9/11 hijackers had lived in Europe, journalist Ian Johnson wondered how such a radical group could sink roots into Western soil. Most accounts reached back twenty years, to U.S. support of Islamist fighters in Afghanistan. But Johnson dug deeper, to the start of the Cold War, uncovering the untold story of a group of ex-Soviet Muslims who had defected to Germany during World War II. There, they had been fashioned into a well-oiled anti-Soviet propaganda machine. As that war ended and the Cold War began, West German and U.S. intelligence agents vied for control of this influential group, and at the center of the covert tug of war was a quiet mosque in Munich—radical Islam’s first beachhead in the West. Culled from an array of sources, including newly declassified documents, A Mosque in Munich interweaves the stories of several key players: a Nazi scholar turned postwar spymaster; key Muslim leaders across the globe, including members of the Muslim Brotherhood; and naïve CIA men eager to fight communism with a new weapon, Islam. A rare ground-level look at Cold War spying and a revelatory account of the West’s first, disastrous encounter with radical Islam, A Mosque in Munich is as captivating as it is crucial to our understanding the mistakes we are still making in our relationship with Islamists today

Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union
Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union

Author: Alexandre A. Bennigsen

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 1980-09-15

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 0226042367

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In this study, Bennigsen and Wimbush trace the development of the doctrine of national communism in Central Asia and the Caucasus. At the heart of this doctrine—as elaborated by the Volga Tatar, Mir-Said Sultan Galiev—was the concept of "proletarian nations," as opposed to the traditional notion of a working class. With such ideological innovations, Sultan Galiev and his contemporaries were able to reconcile Marxist nationalisms and Islam and devise an "Eastern strategy" whereby the national revolution was to be spread. The authors show that the ideas of Muslim national communism persist in the land of their birth and have spread to such developing societies as China, Algeria, and Indonesia. This doctrine is an important factor in the ideological split and increasing tensions between industrial and nonindustrial nations, East and West, and now North and South, which grip the world communist movement.

Islamism and Islam
Islamism and Islam

Author: Bassam Tibi

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2012-05-22

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 0300159986

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A senior scholar of Islamic politics, providing a corrective to a dangerous gap in understanding, explores the true nature of contemporary Islamism and the essential ways in which it differs from the religious faith of Islam.