Written by two of the best US researchers in the field, this text investigates issues of astrobiological relevance in the context of cold aqueous planetary geochemistry. At the core of the technical chapters is the FREZCHEM model, initially developed over many years by one of the authors to quantify aqueous electrolyte properties and chemical thermodynamics at subzero temperatures. FREZCHEM is of huge relevance to scientists in a number of fields, including biogeochemists.
This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
This book gathers papers from the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD-2019), held on July 08–11, 2019 in Marrakech, Morocco, which address the environment, industry and economy, and the role of advanced intelligent systems and computing in connection with these three fields. The book includes a host of interesting studies and successful applications regarding the economy and industry, e.g. in Manufacturing, Digital Factories, Smart Supply Chain Management in Industry, Project Management in Industry, Digital Economy, Digital Business, M-commerce, Blockchain and Digital Currencies. In addition, the book highlights work that addresses the environmental aspect, covering topics such as Big Data Analysis & the Internet of Things for Environmental Management, Sensor Networks for Environmental Services, Network Interoperability in Environmental Ecosystems, Wireless Sensors and Cognitive Radio Networks, Environmental Management Computing Systems, Sustainable Mobility Solutions, Remote Sensing Applications, Geo-information & Geophysics. Addressing social, legislative and environmental aspects, the book is intended for all stakeholders in the industrial world. It will be of interest e.g. to customers, helping them improve their profits and economic profitability, and to professionals and fishermen working to evolve and optimize their supply chains, and to improve productivity, in the fiercely competitive I4.0 world. The authors of each chapter report on the state of the art and present the outcomes of their own research, laboratory experiments, and successful applications. The purpose of the book is to combine the idea of advanced intelligent systems with appropriate tools and techniques for modeling, management, and decision support in the fields of the environment, industry and economy.
As much as one-tenth of the world’s oceans are covered with sea ice, or frozen ocean water, at some point during the annual cycle. Sea ice thus plays an important, often defining, role in the natural environment and the global climate system. This book is a global look at the changes in sea ice and the tools and techniques used to measure and record those changes. The first comprehensive research done on sea-ice field techniques, this volume will be indispensable for the study of northern sea ice and a must-have for scientists in the field of climate change research.
This book introduces the working principle, materials, and design of seawater batteries and reviews the current state-of-the-art technologies in cells and modules. This book looks at the characteristics of seawater, then reviews the basic electrochemical processes involved in the storage of electrical charge in seawater batteries, and then discusses the development of anode, cathode, and membrane materials, and cell engineering progress. In particular, Chapter 3 contains the latest research and development results for rechargeable seawater batteries. The book has been written for a broad readership including graduate students, academic and industrial researchers working on sustainable, low-cost energy.
Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.
Understanding in detail the ion partitioning in mineralwater interactions is of fundamental importance to geochemical studies and ultimately to society. The solid-solution properties of minerals are a significant part of the complexity, and also the importance, of these ion-partitioning reactions.
Few worlds are as tantalizing and enigmatic as Europa, whose complex icy surface intimates the presence of an ocean below. Europa beckons for our understanding and future exploration, enticing us with the possibilities of a water-rich environment and the potential for life beyond Earth. This volume in the Space Science Series, with more than 80 contributing authors, reveals the discovery and current understanding of Europa’s icy shell, subsurface ocean, presumably active interior, and myriad inherent interactions within the Jupiter environment. Europa is the foundation upon which the coming decades of scientific advancement and exploration of this world will be built, making it indispensable for researchers, students, and all who hold a passion for exploration.
