The Academic Achievement Challenge

The Academic Achievement Challenge

Author: Jeanne Sternlicht Chall

Publisher: Guilford Press

Published: 2002-03-01

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 9781572307681

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Looks at a variety of education reforms and innovations over the past one hundred years to find the best approach to teaching.


Do English Listening Outcome and Cognitive Load Change for Different Media Delivery Modes in U-Learning?

Do English Listening Outcome and Cognitive Load Change for Different Media Delivery Modes in U-Learning?

Author: Chi-Cheng Chang

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 7

ISBN-13: 9789898704085

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Although ubiquitous learning enhances students' access to learning materials, it is crucial to find out which media delivery modes produce the best results for English listening comprehension. The present study examined the effect of media delivery mode (sound and text vs. sound) on English listening comprehension and cognitive load. Participants were 162 students majoring in Applied Foreign Language at a university in Taiwan. The students were randomly assigned to either single mode (sound) or double mode (sound and text). The research questions are (a) whether students learning with double mode outperformed students learning with single mode in listening comprehension; and (b) whether students learning with double mode hold less cognitive load than students learning with single mode. If the answers to these questions are affirmative, then the modality effect occurs and the redundancy effect does not occur. The results demonstrated that (a) text significantly enhanced English listening comprehension and lowered cognitive load; (b) students with higher English listening comprehension held lower cognitive load, and vice versa; (c) text was added no benefit to schema construction in long-term memory; and (d) complex media deliveries were not necessarily helpful to learning. Results (a) and (b) confirmed that the modality effect occurred, and the redundancy effect did not occur in the present study. [For full proceedings, see ED557189.].


Instructional Guidance

Instructional Guidance

Author: Slava Kalyuga

Publisher: IAP

Published: 2015-05-01

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 1681231360

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The book explores a cognitive load perspective on instructional guidance. Cognitive load theory is focused on instructional design implications and prescriptions that flow from human cognitive architecture, and it has become one of the leading theories of instructional design. According to this theoretical perspective, the purpose of instructional guidance is to reduce learner potential cognitive overload by providing appropriate information in the right time and in a suitable format. As the learner’s level of prior knowledge is considered as the main factor influencing this decision, the effect of learner prior knowledge on effectiveness of instructional methods (the expertise reversal effect in cognitive load theory) provides the basic framework for the book. The fully-guided direct instruction and minimally-guided inquiry (discovery or exploratory) learning are often discussed in instructional psychology literature as examples of approaches with opposed degrees of guidance provided to the learners. This book considers the whole range of the levels of guidance (including intermediate levels) and approaches the problem of balancing learner guidance from a cognitive load perspective. The significance of this approach is in applying our current knowledge of human cognitive architecture to develop an integrated instructional approach bringing together the best features and advantages of direct instruction and inquiry learning. Both direct instruction and inquiry learning approaches have been around for long time, and their proponents can produce evidence of their effectiveness. This evidence needs to be treated within the context of appropriate learning goals in specific instructional settings for specific types of learners. This book provides an unbiased theoretical framework for managing learner instructional guidance and working principles for selecting appropriate levels and methods of instructional guidance (e.g., sequences of exploratory problems and explicit instruction; forms and levels of embedded guidance; and adapting methodologies) optimal for learners at different levels of prior knowledge.


Listening in the Language Classroom

Listening in the Language Classroom

Author: John Field

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-01-22

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 1107377226

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This book challenges the orthodox approach to the teaching of second language listening, which is based upon the asking and answering of comprehension questions. The book's central argument is that a preoccupation with the notion of 'comprehension' has led teachers to focus upon the product of listening, in the form of answers to questions, ignoring the listening process itself. The author provides an informed account of the psychological processes which make up the skill of listening, and analyses the characteristics of the speech signal from which listeners have to construct a message. Drawing upon this information, the book proposes a radical alternative to the comprehension approach and provides for intensive small-scale practice in aspects of listening that are perceptually or cognitively demanding for the learner. Listening in the Language Classroom was winner of the Ben Warren International Trust House Prize in 2008.


STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES IN LEARNING LISTENING COMPREHENSION

STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES IN LEARNING LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Author: Syarifuddin Dollah

Publisher: Penerbit P4I

Published: 2024-06-04

Total Pages: 142

ISBN-13: 6238488565

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This book explores the multifaceted challenges and effective strategies associated with mastering listening comprehension, particularly in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. The book is structured into seven comprehensive chapters, each delving into a specific aspect of listening comprehension. The introductory chapter sets the stage by highlighting the importance of listening skills in language acquisition and the growing need for effective comprehension strategies in a globalized world. In the second chapter, "Listening Comprehension," the book delves into the nature of listening, differentiating between various types of listening and discussing why listening is often considered a neglected skill. This chapter provides a foundational understanding of listening as an active process that involves receiving, interpreting, and responding to spoken messages. It underscores the complexity of listening comprehension and the cognitive load it places on learners. Chapter three, "Factors Affecting Listening Comprehension," explores the myriad factors influencing a student's comprehension of spoken language. These factors include physical elements like hearing ability, psychological aspects such as anxiety and motivation, experiential factors, attitudes toward listening, gender differences, environmental conditions, and societal roles. By identifying these factors, the book provides a comprehensive view of the external and internal influences on listening comprehension. The fourth chapter, "Potential Problems in Learning Listening Comprehension," identifies specific challenges learners face, such as the inability to control the speed of speech, limited vocabulary, difficulty recognizing contextual signals, problems with interpretation, and the inability to concentrate. It also addresses how established learning habits can hinder listening development. The fifth chapter, "Possible Strategies in Learning Listening Comprehension," offers solutions by introducing metacognitive, cognitive, and social-affective strategies. These strategies aim to help learners plan, monitor, and evaluate their listening processes, utilize mental techniques to enhance comprehension and leverage social interactions to improve listening skills. The sixth chapter, "Students' Problems and Strategies in Learning Listening Comprehension in EFL Context," applies the previous discussions specifically to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. It examines how the general problems and strategies manifest in EFL contexts and provides tailored advice for learners and educators in these settings. Finally, the seventh chapter, "Model of Assessing Students' Problems and Strategies in Learning Listening Comprehension," presents a framework for evaluating the strategies' effectiveness. This model helps educators assess students' listening skills and identify the most effective interventions. Overall, the book offers a detailed analysis of the challenges and solutions in learning listening comprehension, providing valuable insights and practical strategies for both students and educators.


Becoming Fluent

Becoming Fluent

Author: Richard M. Roberts

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2015-08-07

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 0262029235

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How adult learners can draw upon skills and knowledge honed over a lifetime to master a foreign language.


Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Technological Advances

Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Technological Advances

Author: Zou, Bin

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2013-01-31

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1466628227

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Educational technologies continue to advance the ways in which we teach and learn. As these technologies continue to improve our communication with one another, computer-assisted foreign language learning has provided a more efficient way of communication between different languages. Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Technological Advances highlights new research and an original framework that brings together foreign language teaching, experiments and testing practices that utilize the most recent and widely used e-learning resources. This comprehensive collection of research will offer linguistic scholars, language teachers, students, and policymakers a better understanding of the importance and influence of e-learning in second language acquisition.