Cluster Models for Surface and Bulk Phenomena
Cluster Models for Surface and Bulk Phenomena

Author: Gianfranco Pacchioni

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-08

Total Pages: 683

ISBN-13: 1468460218

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It is widely recognized that an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of clusters will give a great deal of important information relevant to surface and bulk properties of condensed matter. This relevance of clusters for condensed matter is one of the major motivations for the study of atomic and molecular clusters. The changes of properties with cluster size, from small clusters containing only a few atoms to large clusters containing tens of thousands of atoms, provides a unique way to understand and to control the development of bulk properties as separated units are brought together to form an extended system. Another important use of clusters is as theoretical models of surfaces and bulk materials. The electronic wavefunctions for these cluster models have special advantages for understanding, in particular, the local properties of condensed matter. The cluster wavefunctions, obtained with molecular orbital theory, make it possible to relate chemical concepts developed to describe chemical bonds in molecules to the very closely related chemical bonding at the surface and in the bulk of condensed matter. The applications of clusters to phenomena in condensed matter is a cross-disciplinary activity which requires the interaction and collaboration of researchers in traditionally separate areas. For example, it is necessary to bring together workers whose background and expertise is molecular chemistry with those whose background is solid state physics. It is also necessary to bring together experimentalists and theoreticians.

Chemisorption and Reactivity on Supported Clusters and Thin Films:
Chemisorption and Reactivity on Supported Clusters and Thin Films:

Author: R.M. Lambert

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 9401589119

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Heterogeneous catalysis provides the backbone of the world's chemical and oil industries. The innate complexity of practical catalytic systems suggests that useful progress should be achievable by investigating key aspects of catalysis by experimental studies on idealised model systems. Thin films and supported clusters are two promising types of model system that can be used for this purpose, since they mimic important aspects of the properties of practical dispersed catalysts. Similarly, appropriate theoretical studies of chemisorption and surface reaction clusters or extended slab systems can provide valuable information on the factors that underlie bonding and catalytic activity. This volume describes such experimental and theoretical approaches to the surface chemistry and catalytic behaviour of metals, metal oxides and metal/metal oxide systems. An introduction to the principles and main themes of heterogeneous catalysis is followed by detailed accounts of the application of modern experimental and theoretical techniques to fundamental problems. The application of advanced experimental methods is complemented by a full description of theoretical procedures, including Hartree-Fock, density functional and similar techniques. The relative merits of the various approaches are considered and directions for future progress are indicated.

Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds
Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds

Author: L.J. de Jongh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 9401512949

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On Friday, February 20, 1980, I had the pleasure to be present at the inaugural lecture of my colleague Jan Reedijk, who had just been named at the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry of Leiden University. According to tradition, the ceremony took place in the impressive Hall of the old University Academy Building. In the course of his lecture, Jan mentioned a number of recent developments in chemistry which had struck him as particularly important or interesting. Among those was the synthesis of large metal cluster compounds, and, to my luck, he showed a slide ofthe molecular structure of [PtI9(C)b]4-. (To my luck, since at traditional Leiden University it is quite unusual to show slides at such ceremonies.) This constituted my first acquaintance with this exciting new class of materials. I became immediately fascinated by this molecule, partly because of the esthetic beauty of its fivefold symmetry, partly because as a physicist it struck me that it could be visualized as an "embryonically small" metal particle, embedded in a shell of CO ligands.

Surface and Interface Science, Volumes 5 and 6
Surface and Interface Science, Volumes 5 and 6

Author: Klaus Wandelt

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-03-14

Total Pages: 1532

ISBN-13: 3527411585

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In eight volumes, Surface and Interface Science covers all fundamental aspects and offers a comprehensive overview of this research area for scientists working in the field, as well as an introduction for newcomers. Volume 5: Solid-Gas Interfaces I Topics covered: Basics of Adsorption and Desorption Surface Microcalorimetry Adsorption of Rare Gases Adsorption of Alkali and Other Electro-Positive Metals Halogen adsorption on metals Adsorption of Hydrogen Adsorption of Water Adsorption of (Small) Molecules on Metal Surfaces Surface Science Approach to Catalysis Adsorption, Bonding and Reactivity of Unsaturated and Multifunctional Molecules Volume 6: Solid-Gas Interfaces II Topics covered: Adsorption of Large Organic Molecules Chirality of Adsorbates Adsorption on Semiconductor Surfaces Adsorption on Oxide Surfaces Oscillatory Surface Reactions Statistical Surface Thermodynamics Theory of the Dynamics at Surfaces Atomic and Molecular Manipulation

Metal Clusters at Surfaces
Metal Clusters at Surfaces

Author: Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 315

ISBN-13: 3642571697

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Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.

Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream
Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream

Author: Nimir O. Elbashir

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-11-27

Total Pages: 584

ISBN-13: 1119269628

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A comprehensive review of the current status and challenges for natural gas and shale gas production, treatment and monetization technologies Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream presents an international perspective on the production and monetization of shale gas and natural gas. The authors review techno-economic assessments of the midstream and downstream natural gas processing technologies. Comprehensive in scope, the text offers insight into the current status and the challenges facing the advancement of the midstream natural gas treatments. Treatments covered include gas sweeting processes, sulfur recovery units, gas dehydration and natural gas pipeline transportation. The authors highlight the downstream processes including physical treatment and chemical conversion of both direct and indirect conversion. The book also contains an important overview of natural gas monetization processes and the potential for shale gas to play a role in the future of the energy market, specifically for the production of ultra-clean fuels and value-added chemicals. This vital resource: Provides fundamental chemical engineering aspects of natural gas technologies Covers topics related to upstream, midstream and downstream natural gas treatment and processing Contains well-integrated coverage of several technologies and processes for treatment and production of natural gas Highlights the economic factors and risks facing the monetization technologies Discusses supply chain, environmental and safety issues associated with the emerging shale gas industry Identifies future trends in educational and research opportunities, directions and emerging opportunities in natural gas monetization Includes contributions from leading researchers in academia and industry Written for Industrial scientists, academic researchers and government agencies working on developing and sustaining state-of-the-art technologies in gas and fuels production and processing, Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream provides a broad overview of the current status and challenges for natural gas production, treatment and monetization technologies.

Defects at Oxide Surfaces
Defects at Oxide Surfaces

Author: Jacques Jupille

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-02-09

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 3319143670

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This book presents the basics and characterization of defects at oxide surfaces. It provides a state-of-the-art review of the field, containing information to the various types of surface defects, describes analytical methods to study defects, their chemical activity and the catalytic reactivity of oxides. Numerical simulations of defective structures complete the picture developed. Defects on planar surfaces form the focus of much of the book, although the investigation of powder samples also form an important part. The experimental study of planar surfaces opens the possibility of applying the large armoury of techniques that have been developed over the last half-century to study surfaces in ultra-high vacuum. This enables the acquisition of atomic level data under well-controlled conditions, providing a stringent test of theoretical methods. The latter can then be more reliably applied to systems such as nanoparticles for which accurate methods of characterization of structure and electronic properties have yet to be developed. The book gives guidance to tailor oxide surfaces by controlling the nature and concentration of defects. The importance of defects in the physics and chemistry of metal oxide surfaces is presented in this book together with the prominent role of oxides in common life. The book contains contributions from leaders in the field. It serves as a reference for experts and beginners in the field.

Clusters and Colloids
Clusters and Colloids

Author: Günter Schmid

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-07-11

Total Pages: 570

ISBN-13: 3527616063

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This book offers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of cluster science. In an interdisciplinary approach, basic concepts as well as recent developments in research and practical applications are authoritatively discussed by leading authors. Topics covered include 'naked' metal clusters, clusters stabilized by ligands, clusters in solids, and colloids. The reader will find answers to questions like: * How many metal atoms must a particle have to exhibit metallic properties? * How can the large specific surface of clusters and colloids be employed in catalysts? * How can metal clusters be introduced into solid hosts? * Which effects are responsible for the transition from isolated to condensed clusters? The editor has succeeded in bringing the contributions of various authors together into a homogeneous, readable book, which will be useful for the academic and industrial reader alike.

Nanophase Materials
Nanophase Materials

Author: G.C. Hadjipanayis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 806

ISBN-13: 940111076X

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Nanophase Materials is the first and, as yet, the only comprehensive book published in this new and exciting area of materials science. It gives a broad overview of the revolutionary new field of nanophase materials; a view which spans the materials, physics, and chemistry research communities at a tutorial level that is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and experts or would-be experts in the science of nanostructured materials. The articles are authored by many of the world's most prominent scientists in this field. The book covers the diverse methods for synthesizing nanophase materials, a variety of subsequent processing methodologies, what is known about the structures of these materials on various length scales from atomic to macroscopic, and the properties of these unique and novel materials. The materials properties covered are mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic and hence span a wide range of important new opportunities for technological applications.